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An experimental investigation of microstructure surface roughness on pool boiling characteristics of \({\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}\) nanofluid

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Abstract

An experimental setup for pool boiling of dilute dispersions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle in water-ethylene glycol 50 (WEG50) as the base fluid was developed. The nanofluid was stabilized by using sodium lauryl sulfate as a surfactant. The heater surface roughness was affected by the deposition of nanoparticles during boiling which consequently changes the heat transfer characteristics. Three copper heater surface roughnesses: smooth, semi-rough and rough, were used. The effect of surface roughness and nanofluid on boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC), surface wettability and nucleation site density were examined. The results showed that BHTC and nucleation site density were increased by increasing the heater surface roughness in the base fluid of WEG50. The findings of this study revealed that the effect of volume concentration of nanofluid on the BHTC significantly depends on the heater surface roughness. At heater surface roughness of 0.062 μm, BHTC increases compared to WEG50 base fluid for all volume concentrations of TiO2-WEG50 nanofluid. With increasing the volume concentration of nanofluid up to 0.005%, an increasing tendency in BHTC was observed but beyond that a decreasing trend was observed for heater surface roughness of 1.213 μm. However, as heater surface roughness reaches 3.146 μm, BHTC decreased by increasing nanofluid volume concentration, compared to WEG50 base fluid. Also, increment of heater surface roughness causes the nucleation site density to increase when either base fluid or nanofluid is used. By measuring static contact angle of sessile water droplet on heater surface before and after experiment, it was found that using TiO2-WEG50 nanofluid causes to surface wettability increased.

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Abbreviations

\(q^{\prime \prime }\) :

Heat flux/W m−2

\(\Delta {\text{x}}\) :

Distance of different holes of the heater surface/m

h:

Boiling heat transfer coefficient/W m−2 K−1

T:

Temperature/K

U:

Uncertainty

Cp, l :

Specific heat capacity/J kg−1 K−1

Pr:

Prandtl number

hfg :

Latent heat of vaporization/J kg−1

Csf :

Surface/liquid parameter of the Rohsenow correlation

g:

Acceleration of gravity/m s−2

TW :

Surface temperature/K

T1 :

Temperature of the first thermocouple in the copper block/K

T2 :

Temperature of the second thermocouple in the copper block/K

T3 :

Temperature of the third thermocouple in the copper block/K

Tinlet :

Temperature of water inlet of condenser/K

Toutlet :

Temperature of water inlet of condenser/K

Ra :

Average surface roughness/µm

dp :

Average nanoparticle diameter/nm

V:

Voltage/v

I:

Electricity current/A

WEG50:

Water-ethylene glycol 50

SLS:

Sodium lauryl sulfate

BHTC:

Boiling heat transfer coefficient

TSM:

Taylor series method

RV:

Relative variation of BHTC

vol%:

Volume concentration of nanofluid

θ:

Static contact angle/°

ρ1 :

Density/kg m−3

σ:

Surface tension/N m−1

μ:

Dynamic viscosity/Pa s

l:

Liquid

v:

Vapor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Multiphase Flow Lab, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, No. 17, Pardis Street, Mollasadra Avenue, Vanak Square, 19395-1999, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdi Roodbari, Hasan Alimoradi, Mehrzad Shams & Cyrus Aghanajafi

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  1. Mahdi Roodbari
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  2. Hasan Alimoradi
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Correspondence to Mehrzad Shams.

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Roodbari, M., Alimoradi, H., Shams, M. et al. An experimental investigation of microstructure surface roughness on pool boiling characteristics of \({\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}\) nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 3283–3298 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10666-w

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