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Entropy analysis of Powell–Eyring hybrid nanofluid including effect of linear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation

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Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids are introduced as heat transfer fluids with greater surface stability, diffusion and dispersion capabilities compared to traditional nanofluids. In this work, flow, convective heat transport and volumetric entropy generation in Powell–Eyring hybrid nanofluid are investigated. Hybrid nanofluid occupies the space over the uniform horizontal porous stretching surface with velocity slip at the interface. Effect of viscous dissipation and linear thermal radiation are also included in the simplified model. Mathematical equations for conservation of mass, momentum, energy and entropy are simplified under assumptions of boundary layer flow of Powell–Eyring hybrid nanofluid. Similarity solutions are obtained by transformation of governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations, using similarity variables. Keller box finite difference scheme is then adopted to find the approximate solutions of reduced ordinary differential equations. Numerical computations are performed for alumina–copper water (\({\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3\)–\({\mathrm{Cu/H}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}\)) hybrid nanofluid and conventional copper water (\({\mathrm{Cu}}\)–\({\mathrm{H}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}\)) nanofluid. Graphs are produced for velocity, temperature and entropy profiles to study the effect of governing parameters. Skin friction factor and the local Nusselt number are also calculated at the boundary. The notable findings indicate that the hybrid Powell–Eyring nanofluid is better thermal conductor when compared with the conventional nanofluid. The rate of heat transfer at the boundary is greatest for smallest value of the shape factor parameter. The increase in Reynolds number and Brinkman number increases the overall entropy of the system.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and feedback with a view to improve the manuscript. TA and HMSB also would like to acknowledge the adequate support they have received from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Asim Aziz

  2. Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Wasim Jamshed

  3. Department of Mathematics, Dammam Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box 5084, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Taha Aziz

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, KFUPM Box 5084, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Haitham M. S. Bahaidarah

  5. Department of Mathematics, Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Khalil Ur Rehman

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  1. Asim Aziz
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Aziz, A., Jamshed, W., Aziz, T. et al. Entropy analysis of Powell–Eyring hybrid nanofluid including effect of linear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 1331–1343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10210-2

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