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New water-based fluorescent nanofluid containing 2D titanium carbide MXene sheets: a comparative study of its thermophysical, electrical and optical properties with amine and carboxyl covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets

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Abstract

The aqueous colloidal suspension of two-dimensional (2D) sp2 carbon and carbide materials has promising thermal and electrical properties to be used as a coolant for heat transfer applications. However, the application of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) nanofluids is extensively limited by its insufficient dispersibility and stability in the base fluid of water. Therefore, surface modification and post-functionalization of GNPs should be considered as further treatments to enhance their nanofluid properties, which is not economical for large-scale production. In the current study, we presented the processing, thermophysical, electrical and optical properties of a new generation of carbon-based nanofluid containing highly exfoliated autofluorescent hydrophilic 2D titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets. For the first time, the microstructure and nanofluid properties of the water-based Ti3C2Tx at two concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mass% have been further compared with covalently and non-covalently functionalized GNPs. Our results showed that the thermal/electrical conductivities of 0.1 and 0.2% MXene are remarkably higher (0.732 and 0.828 W m─1 K─1, 1213 and 2690 µS cm─1, respectively) compared with non-covalent GNPs at same concentrations (0.679 and 0.702 W m─1 K─1, 723 and 1425 µS cm─1, respectively) and competitive with COOH- and NH2-mediated GNPs samples. Additionally, the prominent stability and autofluorescence properties of MXene composite are other advantages supporting its nanofluid applications. The fluorescent MXene nanofluid at the different excitation/emission wavelengths (377–586 nm/447–647 nm) conferred a suitable optical contrast for visualization. Taken together, Ti3C2Tx material might open up a robust gateway for the application of carbon-based nanofluids in advanced heat transfer systems.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge The Islamic Azad University Khomeinishahr Branch, Iran, to conduct and support this project. This study thanks to the Canadian Institute of Health Research, University of Malaya, and VCN Company. We also thank Dr. Ahmad Amiri for his direction in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr/Isfahan, 84175-119, Iran

    M. Rafieerad & Babak Mehmandoust

  2. Regenerative Medicine Program, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    A. R. Rafieerad & S. Dhingra

  3. Centre of Advanced Manufacturing and Material Processing (AMMP), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. R. Rafieerad

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    M. Shanbedi

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Rafieerad, M., Rafieerad, A.R., Mehmandoust, B. et al. New water-based fluorescent nanofluid containing 2D titanium carbide MXene sheets: a comparative study of its thermophysical, electrical and optical properties with amine and carboxyl covalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelets. J Therm Anal Calorim 146, 1491–1504 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10088-0

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