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Synthesis of highly stable nanofluids including polyvinyl alcohol-treated graphene oxide for improved heat dissipation in a tubular heat exchanger

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Abstract

Heat transfer rate and amount of pressure drop for highly stabled nanofluids loaded with polyvinyl alcohol-treated graphene oxide (PVA-GO) were experimentally investigated in a horizontal copper duct with the uniform heat flux on outer surface of test section. To meet those goals, we produced GO through a wet-based exfoliation method and followed by functionalization of GO with PVA. As a phase of study, some nanofluids including PVA-GO with different concentration were prepared and thermo-physical and rheological properties were experimentally obtained. The thermo-physical attributes such as thermal conductivity, viscosity and density of the synthesized samples with various PVA-GO concentrations (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mass%) were experimentally investigated at the first phase of this article. Possessing the thermo-physical properties open a precise gate to measure the heat transfer rate (h & Nu) and frication factor for water/PVA-GO nanofluids and finally compared with the working fluid (water). As the second phase of study, influence of parameters such as concentration of PVA-GO and the flow rate on heat transfer parameters such as Nu, friction factor, and performance index were investigated. Overall, processing heat transfer systems with highly conductive water/PVA-GO nanofluids even at low concentrations results in higher heat transfer rate and overall performance of system/cycles.

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Abbreviations

C p :

Specific heat (J g−1 k−1)

D :

Diameter (m)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 k−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 k−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number

q :

Heat flux (W m−2)

Q :

Heat transfer rate (W)

Re:

Reynolds number

U ave :

Average velocity (m s−1)

f :

Friction factor

m o :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

L :

Channel length (m)

L x/L :

Ratio of the length of x to the channel length

T sx :

The wall temperature of the fluid at the axial distance x

T bx :

The bulk temperature of the fluid at the axial distance x

A w :

Area of the downstream wall (m2)

PI:

Performance index

RTD:

Resistance temperature detector

μ :

Viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

ΔP :

Pressure drop (Pa)

nf:

Nanofluid

bf:

Base fluid

ave:

Average

s:

Tube wall

In:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Fars, Iran

    Mehdi Azizi & Bizhan Honarvar

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Azizi, M., Honarvar, B. Synthesis of highly stable nanofluids including polyvinyl alcohol-treated graphene oxide for improved heat dissipation in a tubular heat exchanger. J Therm Anal Calorim 145, 13–25 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09677-w

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