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Natural convection of nanoencapsulated phase change suspensions inside a local thermal non-equilibrium porous annulus

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Abstract

In this study, the heat transfer, fluid flow and heat capacity ratio are analyzed in an annulus enclosure filled with porous and saturated by a suspension of nanoencapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs). It consists of phase change material core and a polymer or non-polymer shell. The presence of nanoparticles in the base fluid and the phase change capability of the nanoparticle’s core improve the thermal properties of the base fluid and thermal control process. The inner cylinder wall is reserved at hot temperatures where the encapsulated particles absorb the heat, while the outer cylinder wall is reserved at cold temperatures where the encapsulated particles release the heat. A local thermal non-equilibrium model is adopted for the porous medium. The parameters studied are Rayleigh number (104 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Stefan number (0.2 ≤ Ste ≤ ∞), melting point temperature of the core (0.05 ≤ θf ≤ 1), the concentration of the NEPCM particles (0% ≤ ϕ ≤ 5%), radius ratio (1.67 ≤ Rr ≤ 2.5), eccentricity (− 0.67 ≤ Ec ≤ 0.67), Darcy number (10−4 ≤ Da ≤ 10−1), porosity (0.3 ≤ ε ≤ 0.9) and interface heat transfer coefficient (1 ≤ H ≤ 1000). The results show that the dimensionless temperature of fusion (θf) plays the main role in the improvement in NEPCM on the heat transfer process.

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Abbreviations

C p :

Specific heating for pressure constant (KJ kg−1 K−1)

Cr :

Ratio of heat capacity of the suspension to base fluid

Da :

Darcy number

f :

Dimensionless form of phase change behavior

Ec :

Eccentricity

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m s−2)

h sf :

Latent heat of the core (kJ kg−1)

i :

Number of grid case

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

K :

Permeability of the porous medium (m2)

N :

Mesh size

Nc :

Suspension conductivity number

Nu :

Nusselt number

Nv :

Suspension dynamic viscosity

Pr :

Prandtl number

Q t :

Total heat transfer rate

Rr :

Radius ratio

r :

Radius (m)

Ra :

Rayleigh number

Ste :

Stefan number

T :

Temperature (K)

T Mr :

Temperature melting range (K)

u :

Velocity component in x-direction (m s−1)

U :

Dimensionless velocity component in X-direction

v :

Velocity component in y-direction (m s−1)

V :

Dimensionless velocity component in Y-direction

X, Y :

Dimensionless coordinate

ι :

Ratio of the mass of the NEPCM to the shell

μ :

Fluid dynamic viscosity (kg s m−1)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

Δ:

Dimensionless band of phase change

ε :

Porosity of the porous medium

θ :

Dimensionless temperature

λ :

Dimensionless heat capacity

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

ϕ :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

ψ :

Dimensional stream function (m2 s−1)

Ψ :

Dimensionless stream function

p :

Pressure of suspension (Pa)

P :

Dimensionless pressure of suspension

ν:

Kinematic viscosity (Pa s)

b:

NEPCM suspension

c:

Cold

co:

NEPCM core

bf:

Base fluid

f:

Fusion property

h:

Hot wall

i:

Inner

m:

Porous medium

p:

NEPCM nanoparticle

o:

Outer

s:

Solid matrix of the porous medium

sh:

NEPCM shell

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq

    Farooq H. Ali & Hameed K. Hamzah

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Masoud Mozaffari

  3. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yasooj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasooj, Iran

    S. A. M. Mehryan

  4. Metamaterials for Mechanical, Biomechanical and Multiphysical Applications Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Mohammad Ghalambaz

  5. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Mohammad Ghalambaz

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  1. Farooq H. Ali
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  2. Hameed K. Hamzah
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  3. Masoud Mozaffari
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  4. S. A. M. Mehryan
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  5. Mohammad Ghalambaz
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Correspondence to Mohammad Ghalambaz.

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Ali, F.H., Hamzah, H.K., Mozaffari, M. et al. Natural convection of nanoencapsulated phase change suspensions inside a local thermal non-equilibrium porous annulus. J Therm Anal Calorim 141, 1801–1816 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09658-z

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