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Exergy and energy performance for wavy fin radiator with a new coolant of various shape nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluids

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Abstract

Energetic and exergetic performance for an automotive radiator with wavy fin configuration has been investigated and compared for water-based 1% vol. fraction of hybrid nanofluids of different shapes of nanoparticles, i.e., spherical (Al2O3) and cylindrical (CNT), spherical (Al2O3) and platelet (graphene) shapes at 15l pm flow rate. Effects of effectiveness, heat transfer rate and pressure drop, as well as exergy loss, entropy generation, second law efficiency with steady-state coolant flow rate, hybrid nanofluid vol. fractions and air velocity are discussed well. Results show that energetic–exergetic performances are enhanced by using the hybrid nanofluid of different shapes of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of spherical (Al2O3) and cylindrical (CNT)-based hybrid nanofluid show the decrement in performance within the study. Nanoparticles of different shapes have been delivered a promising effect on both parameters (irreversibility and second law efficiency) and are increases with coolant flow rate. Spherical and platelet-shaped nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluid has 2.94% 1.73% and 1.62% of higher effectiveness, entropy change in the air and coolants, respectively, compared to hybrid nanofluid of spherical and cylindrical shape nanoparticles. This inspection divulges on the particle shape, which has a critical consequence on the accomplishment of hybrid nanofluids in automotive radiators and the application of spherical and graphene shape nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluid is more effective to enhance the radiator performance.

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Abbreviations

CFR:

Coolant flow rate

C :

Heat capacity rate (W K−1)

C*:

Heat capacity ratio

c p :

Specific heat (J kg K−1)

D a :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

G :

Mass velocity (kg m−2 s−1)

J :

Colburn factor

F l :

Longitudinal fin pitch

F t :

Transverse fin pitch

θ :

Wavy angle

r :

Radius of curvature for wavy fin

NTU:

Number of heat transfer units

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

I :

Irreversibility (W)

Q :

Heat transfer rate (W)

Re:

Reynolds number

k :

Thermal conductivity (W mK−1)

Pr:

Prandtl number

m :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number

P F :

Fan power (W)

p :

Pressure (kPa)

P P :

Pumping power (W)

PI:

Performance index

S :

Entropy generation rate (W K−1)

T 0 :

Dead state temperature (K)

T :

Temperature (K)

I * :

Dimensionless exergy loss

∆p :

Pressure drop (Pa)

u :

Air velocity (m s−1)

V :

Volume flow rate (m3 s−1)

U :

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

∆Ex:

Exergy gain or loss rate (W)

η o :

Total heat transfer surface effectiveness

η 2 :

Second law efficiency

ρ :

Fluid density (kg m−3)

ε :

Radiator effectiveness

a:

Air

nf:

Nanofluid (coolant)

i:

Inlet

e:

Exit

hnf:

Hybrid Nanofluid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Vikash Kumar & Rashmi Rekha Sahoo

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  1. Vikash Kumar
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Correspondence to Rashmi Rekha Sahoo.

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Kumar, V., Sahoo, R.R. Exergy and energy performance for wavy fin radiator with a new coolant of various shape nanoparticle-based hybrid nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 3911–3922 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09361-z

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