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Numerical investigation of mixed convection heat transfer behavior of nanofluid in a cavity with different heat transfer areas

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Abstract

The main purpose of this research is the numerical modeling of laminar mixed convection heat transfer inside an open square cavity with different heat transfer areas. In the considered geometry, cold fluid enters the cavity. At the middle of the cavity, there is a hot isothermal circular heat source. For increasing the heat transfer, solid silver nanoparticles with volume fractions (φ) of 0, 2 and 4% are added to water. Studied Re numbers are 10, 50, 120 and 200. The location of the hot zone changes the temperature distribution in the fluid layers. If the heat transfer area is located in an appropriate location, temperature distribution becomes more uniform. Increasing Re leads to smaller temperature gradients in regions near the hot surface and higher temperature at fluid layers close to the surface. By increasing fluid velocity, backflows do not improve heat transfer but it is able to change the heat transfer mechanism. By decreasing the fluid velocity, the effects of velocity gradients and extension of the velocity boundary layer increase and friction coefficient attains the maximum value.

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Abbreviations

Gr:

Grashof number

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (Wm−2 K−1)

H :

Entrance height (m)

C p :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

k :

Thermal conductivity (Wm−1 K−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number (dimensionless)

P :

Fluid pressure (Pa)

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m s−2)

Pr:

Prandtl number (dimensionless)

Re:

Reynolds number (dimensionless)

T :

Temperature (K)

(X, Y) = (x/h, y/h):

Cartesian dimensionless coordinates

u, v :

Velocity components in x, y directions (m s−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (K−1)

φ :

Nanoparticles volume fraction

ϕ :

Angle (°)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa s−1)

θ :

Dimensionless temperature

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

α :

Fluid thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

υ :

Kinematics viscosity (m2 s−1)

bf or f:

Particle

eff:

Effective

h:

Hot

in:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

np or p:

Solid nanoparticles

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligudarz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz, Iran

    Shahrouz Yousefzadeh

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Hamid Rajabi

  3. Sama Collage, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Navid Ghajari

  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Mohammad Mohsen Sarafraz

  5. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Omid Ali Akbari

  6. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Marjan Goodarzi

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  1. Shahrouz Yousefzadeh
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  2. Hamid Rajabi
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  3. Navid Ghajari
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  4. Mohammad Mohsen Sarafraz
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  5. Omid Ali Akbari
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Yousefzadeh, S., Rajabi, H., Ghajari, N. et al. Numerical investigation of mixed convection heat transfer behavior of nanofluid in a cavity with different heat transfer areas. J Therm Anal Calorim 140, 2779–2803 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-09018-6

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