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Effect of tube material on convective heat transfer of various nanofluids

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Abstract

This work presents the convective heat transfer and friction loss characteristics of novel functionalized graphene-based and metal oxide nanofluids. The convective heat transfer in circular tubes of different materials (copper, aluminium and stainless steel 316) was used at constant wall heat flux of 23,870 W m−2. An innovative approach was used to prepare highly dispersed propylene glycol-treated graphene nanoplatelets–water (GNP1) and trimethylolpropane tris amine–water (GNP2) by functionalization method. The measured thermal conductivity of GNP1 and GNP2 nanofluids showed incredible performance which increased up to 32% and 31% higher than that of basefluid. By comparing material effect, copper tube showed the highest HTC up to 119% in GNP1 at 0.1 mass%, while in aluminium and stainless steel 316 tube the highest heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was 110.2% and 100.68%. Besides, alumina and silicon dioxide nanofluids also presented decent increment in HTC which was up to 29.1% and 31.6%, respectively. The highest rise in friction factor for GNP1 and GNP2 was obtained up to 10.2% and 10%, respectively. For alumina and silicon dioxide nanofluids, the friction factor was measured up to 5.92% and 7.14% at velocity range of 1–3 m s−1. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu) for GNP, GNP2, alumina and silicon dioxide nanofluids was achieved up to 84%, 72%, 26% and 28%. The results suggest that the copper tube which is a good conductor of heat could be used in the heat exchangers and functionalized GNP nanofluids can be used as the heat exchanging fluids in heat transfer applications which could give a decent substitute to traditional working fluids in heat exchangers and in thermal fluid systems.

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Abbreviations

D :

Diameter (m)

L :

Tube length (m)

Cp:

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

Pe:

Peclet number

V :

Velocity (m s−1)

n :

Number of tubes

q :

Heat transfer (W)

Nu:

Nusselt number

m o :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Re:

Reynolds number

U :

Velocity (m s−1)

T :

Temperature (°C)

W :

Pumping power

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

H :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

Pr:

Prandtl number

A :

Area (m2)

F :

Friction factor

ΔP :

Pressure drop (Pa)

ή :

Efficiency of loop

ε:

Performance index

µ :

Viscosity (Pa s)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

w:

Tube wall

p:

Particles

nf:

Nanofluid

bf:

Basefluid

ID:

Inner diameter

b:

Bulkfluid

out:

Outlet

OD:

Outer diameter

Tb:

Bulk temperature

in:

Inlet

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, for their cooperation and assistance throughout this research. Special appreciation goes to the Research Management Centre of UTM for the financial support through the RUG funding QJ130000.2409.04G39 and QJ130000.2509.16H21.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    K. H. Solangi & S. Sharif

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Bilal Nizamani

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  1. K. H. Solangi
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Correspondence to K. H. Solangi.

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Solangi, K.H., Sharif, S. & Nizamani, B. Effect of tube material on convective heat transfer of various nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 140, 63–77 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08835-z

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