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Experimental study of using nano-(GNP, MWCNT, and SWCNT)/water to investigate the performance of a PVT module

Energy and exergy analysis

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Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of using carbon-based nanofillers/water nanofluids as a coolant fluid in a photovoltaic thermal system from both energy and exergy viewpoints are experimentally presented. The considered nanoparticles including MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and GNPs are dispersed in deionized water as the base fluid by 0.05 mass%. The experiments are carried out on certain days in August and September at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. In order to investigate the consistency of the results, an uncertainty of the experiments is examined. The various mass flow rates are investigated in all cases, and as a result, an optimum mass flow rate of 50 kg h−1 based on first and second laws of thermodynamics is selected. According to the results, employing GNP/water, SWCNT/water, and MWCNT/water increase the total average overall energy efficiency by 19.3%, 15.24%, and 9.46% in comparison with pure water, respectively. Additionally, GNP/water, SWCNT/water, and MWCNT/water reduce the total average entropy generation of the module by 2.88%, 1.23%, and 0.82% compared to the pure water, respectively. It has been found that implementation of GNP/water nanofluid leads to more improvement in the module performance among other coolant fluids.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{\text{P}}\) :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

\(\dot{E}\) :

Power (W)

\(\dot{E}x\) :

Exergy rate (W)

F :

Arbitrary function

FF:

Fill factor

\(\dot{G}\) :

Solar irradiation rate (W m−2)

\(I\) :

Electrical current (A)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

\(P\) :

Pressure (Pa)

PVT:

Photovoltaic thermal

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

\(V\) :

Velocity (m/s)

α :

Absorptivity

η :

Efficiency (%)

σ :

Uncertainty

\(\tau\) :

Transmissivity

amb:

Ambient

des:

Destruction

elec:

Electrical

g:

Glass cover

in:

Inlet

max:

Maximum

oc:

Open circuit

out:

Outlet

pv:

PV

sc:

Short circuit

th:

Thermal

wf:

Working fluid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Ammar Alwan Sywan Alshaheen, Ali Kianifar & Asghar Baradaran Rahimi

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  1. Ammar Alwan Sywan Alshaheen
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  2. Ali Kianifar
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  3. Asghar Baradaran Rahimi
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Correspondence to Ali Kianifar.

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Alwan Sywan Alshaheen, A., Kianifar, A. & Baradaran Rahimi, A. Experimental study of using nano-(GNP, MWCNT, and SWCNT)/water to investigate the performance of a PVT module. J Therm Anal Calorim 139, 3549–3561 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08724-5

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