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Thermal analysis and thermo-hydraulic characteristics of zirconia–water nanofluid under a convective boiling regime

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Abstract

In this research, flow boiling heat transfer of zirconia–water nanofluid inside a heat exchanger was experimentally investigated. The system was assessed for heat fluxes ranging from 10 to 150 kW m−2, inlet temperatures of 323 K to 353 K, mass flow rates of 1–10 kg s−1 and mass concentrations of mass% = 0.1 to 0.3%. Results showed that the boiling thermal performance and heat transfer coefficient of zirconia nanofluid are plausible and this nanofluid can be utilized as a coolant inside the two-phase heat exchanging systems. However, the pressure drop associated with the use of zirconia nanoparticles suppressed the thermal efficiency of the system. Likewise, particulate fouling was not observed during the experiments and bubble formation was not affected by the deposition of nanoparticles on the boiling surface. At mass% = 0.3, the boiling heat transfer coefficient was improved by 35.8%; however, pressure drop value was also augmented. Likewise, temperature increased the heat transfer coefficient slightly which was attributed to the improvement in the thermo-physical properties of nanofluid such as thermal conductivity.

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Acknowledgements

The first author of this work tends to appreciate the University of Semnan for sharing the facility. The first author also acknowledges the microfluidics laboratory at the University of Adelaide for sharing the facility. Also, Rayan Sanat CO. is acknowledged for sharing the machinery for fabricating the heat exchanger. Dr. Zhe Tian acknowledges the NSFC (51709244), Taishan Scholar (tsqn201812025) and Fundamental Research for Central Universities (201941008). Dr. Ahmad Raza Khan would like to thank Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under the Project Number No. 1440-108.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    M. M. Sarafraz

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia

    I. Tlili

  3. School of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

    Zhe Tian

  4. Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad Raza Khan

  5. Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Mohammad Reza Safaei

  6. Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Mohammad Reza Safaei

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Sarafraz, M.M., Tlili, I., Tian, Z. et al. Thermal analysis and thermo-hydraulic characteristics of zirconia–water nanofluid under a convective boiling regime. J Therm Anal Calorim 139, 2413–2422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08435-x

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