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Optimal arrangements of a heat sink partially filled with multilayered porous media employing hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

Although many studies have addressed the urge of exploring the porous media partially embedded in a channel due to its wide engineering applications, the heat transfer and fluid flow of a channel consisting of multilayered metal foam are relatively untouched. To tackle this research gap, a numerical study is conducted to analyze a channel partially filled with a three-layered porous medium—occupying sixty percent of a heat sink—over the Reynolds numbers ranging from 50 to 150 and water base fluid. To this aim, two configuration models of porous media are evaluated here: metal foam with (A) similar particle diameters (2 mm) and different porosities (0.75, 0.85, 0.95) and (B) similar porosities (0.88) and different particle diameters (1, 2, 3 mm). Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer and local thermal non-equilibrium methods are used to solve the momentum and energy equations in the porous region, respectively. The validity assessment of the local thermal equilibrium method elucidates that its accuracy is questionable at higher porosities and particle diameters of the metal foam—highlighting the necessity of incorporating the LTNE method under the mentioned circumstances. Among the considered geometries, the optimal arrangements of metal foam at both models are selected according to the performance evaluation criteria value.

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Abbreviations

A :

Area (m2)

a sf :

Fluid to solid specific area

C :

Specific heat capacity (J kg−1 K−1)

d p :

Particle diameter (m)

Da :

Darcy number

f :

Friction coefficient

f p :

Friction coefficient of plain channel

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

h c :

Channel height (m)

h p :

Porous thickness (m)

h sf :

Fluid to solid heat transfer coefficient

K :

Permeability (m2)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

k eff :

Effective thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

k ef :

Effective thermal conductivity of porous region solid phase (W m−1 K−1)

k es :

Effective thermal conductivity of porous region fluid phase (W m−1 K−1)

k er :

Ratio of effective solid thermal conductivity to that of fluid

l:

Length of the channel (m)

Nu :

Nusselt number

Nu p :

Nusselt number of plain channel

Nu x :

Local Nusselt number

Nu avg :

Average Nusselt number

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria

p :

Pressure (Pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number

q″:

Heat flux (w m−2)

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

Temperature (K)

u :

x-direction velocity (m s−1)

v :

y-direction velocity (m s−1)

θ :

Dimensionless temperature

ϑ :

Cinematic viscosity (m2 s−1)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg ms−1)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

ε :

Porosity

ϕ :

Volume fractions of nanoparticles

eff:

Effective

f:

Fluid

i:

Inlet

o:

Outlet

s:

Solid

sp:

Solid phase of porous region

w:

Wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

    Hossein Arasteh

  2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Ramin Mashayekhi

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Davood Toghraie

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Arash Karimipour

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mehdi Bahiraei

  6. Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia

    Alireza Rahbari

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  1. Hossein Arasteh
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  2. Ramin Mashayekhi
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Correspondence to Davood Toghraie.

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Arasteh, H., Mashayekhi, R., Toghraie, D. et al. Optimal arrangements of a heat sink partially filled with multilayered porous media employing hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 137, 1045–1058 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08007-z

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