Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of Simarouba glauca seed oil biodiesel

A comprehensive study

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Simarouba glauca seed oil was identified as a possible feedstock to produce biodiesel. The oil was produced through two-stage esterification process using concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide as catalysts. Simarouba glauca seed oil biodiesel was blended with diesel in various proportions, and its thermo-physical properties were characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the performance and emission characteristics were evaluated in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. The free fatty acid content of the oil was reduced from 3.5 to 0.2%. The results showed that the Simarouba glauca seed oil (SGO) is having good potential of replacing diesel in near future. The performance and emission characteristics of Simarouba seed oil were observed to be good when compared to diesel and satisfied with the limits prescribed in the ASTM D6751, BIS and European standards.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Largest consumer of crude and petroleum products. http://oilprice.com. Accessed 09 Dec 15.

  2. Sathiyamoorthi R, Sankaranarayanan G. Effect of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a DICI engine using neat lemongrass oil–diesel blend. Fuel. 2016;174:89–96. http://articles.energy.economictimes.indiaimes.com.

  3. Freire LMS, Bicudo TC, Rosenhaim R, Sinfrônio FSM, Botelho JR, Carvalho Filho JR, Santos IMG, Fernandes VJ, Antoniosi Filho NR, Souza AG. Thermal investigation of oil and biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;96:1029–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lujaji F, Bereczky A, Janosi I, Novak CS, Mbarawa M. Cetane number and thermal properties of vegetable oil, biodiesel, 1-butanol and diesel blends. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;102:1175–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kumar A, Sharma S. Potential non-edible oil resources as biodiesel feedstock: an Indian perspective. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2011;15:1791–800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Atabani AE, Silitonga AS, Ong HC, Mahlia TMI, Masjuki HH, IrfanAnjumBadruddin, Fayaz H. Non-edible vegetable oils: a critical evaluation of oil extraction, fatty acid compositions, biodiesel production, characteristics, engine performance and emissions production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2013;18:211–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. James P, Khizer S. An overview of biodiesel oxidation stability. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2012;16:5924–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Du Plessis LM, De Villiers JBM, Van Der Walt WH. Stability studies on methyl and ethyl fatty acid esters of sunflower seed oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1985;62(4):748–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bondioli P, Gasparoli A, Lanzani A, Fedeli E, Veronese S, Sala M. Storage stability of biodiesel. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1995;72(6):699–702.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Obadiah A, Kannan R, Ramasubbu A, Kumar SV. Studies on the effect of antioxidants on the long-term storage and oxidation stability of Pongamia pinnata (L.) biodiesel. Fuel Process. Technol. 2012;99:56–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Joshi S, Shantha H. Simarouba a potential oilseed tree. Curr Sci. 2000;78:694–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Devan PK, Mahalakshmi NV. Utilization of unattended methyl ester of paradise oil as fuel in diesel engine. Fuel. 2009;88(10):1828–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Devan PK, Mahalakshmi NV. A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil–eucalyptus oil blends. Appl Energy. 2009;86(5):675–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jeyalakshmi P, Subramanian R. The application of response surface methodology for the optimization of pretreatment of process parameters of paradise seed (Simarouba glauca) oil. Energy Source Part A. 2013;35:2087–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jena PC, Raheman H, Prasanna Kumar GV, Machavaram R. Biodiesel production from mixture of Mahua and Simarouba oils with high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenergy. 2010;34:1108–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jeyalakshmi P, Subramanian R, Nedunchezhian N. Biodiesel production from two stage esterification of Simarouba glauca seed oil and its characterization. Energy Source Part A. 2016;38:1163–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Peterson C, Auid L. Proceedings of solid fuel conversion for the transportation sector. ASME. 1991;12:45–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C. Use of vegetable oils as IC engine fuels—a review. Renew Energy. 2004;29(5):727–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Noureddini H, Teoh BC, Clements DL. Viscosities of vegetable oils and fatty acids. JAOCS. 1992;69:1189–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rodrigues JA, Cardoso FP, Lachter ER, Estevao LRM, Lima E, Nascimento RS. Correlating chemical structure and physical properties of vegetable oil esters. JAOCS. 2006;83:353–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Freedman B, Bagby MO. Heat of combustion of fatty esters and triglycerides. JAOCS. 1989;66:1601–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. AOCS Official Method CA 5a-40. In: Firestone D (ed) Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists Society, 4th edn. AOCS, Champaign.

  23. Issariyakul T, Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN. Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system. Fuel Process Technol. 2007;88:429–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Rizwanul Fattah IM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, et al. Experimental investigation of performance and regulated emissions of a diesel engine with Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blends accompanied by oxidation inhibitors. Energy Convers Manag. 2014;83:232–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gelbard G, Bres O, Vargas RM, Vielfaure F, Schuchardt UF. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the yield of the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1995;72:1239–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Tariq M, Ali S, Ahmad S, Ahmad F, Zafar M, Khalid N, Khan MA. Identification, FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and GC/MS studies of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel from rocket seed oil. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;92:336–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Vlahov G. Application of NMR to the study of olive oils. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 1999;35:341–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Oromi-Farrus M, Villorbina G, Eras J, Gatius F, Torres M, Canela R. Determination of the iodine value of biodiesel using 1H NMR with 1,4-dioxane as an internal standard. Fuel. 2010;89:3489–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Miyake Y, Yokomizo K, Matsuzaki N. Determination of unsaturated fatty acid composition by high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 1988;75:1091–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rani B, Bhagat SP, Taware A, Chavan M, Kulkarni DK. Physio-chemical analysis, NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatographic studies of Jatropha curcas L. germplasm. J Am Oil Chem Soc. 2011;88:337–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Shiao T, Shiao MS. Determination of fatty acid compositions of triacylglycerols by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. Bot Bull Acad Sin. 1989;30:191–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Monteiro MR, Ambrozin ARP, Liao LM, Ferreira AG. Determination of biodiesel blend levels in different diesel samples by H NMR. Fuel. 2009;88:691–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ramadhas AS, Jayaraj S, Muraleedharan C. Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel. 2005;84(4):335–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rakopoulos CD, Antonopoulos KA, Rakopoulos DC, Kakaras EC, Pariotis EG. Characteristics of the performance and emissions of a HSDI diesel engine running with cottonseed oil or its methyl ester and their blends with diesel fuel. Int J Veh Des. 2007;45(1–2):200–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nwafor OMI. The effect of elevated fuel inlet temperature on performance of diesel engine running on neat vegetable oil at constant speed conditions. Renew Energy. 2003;28:171–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ramadhas AS, Muraleedharan C, Jayaraj S. Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fuelled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil. Renew Energy. 2005;30:1789–800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Huzayyin AS, et al. Experimental evaluation of diesel engine performance and emission using blends of jojoba oil and diesel fuel. Energy Convers Manag. 2004;45:2093–112.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nwafor OMI, Rice G. Performance of rapeseed methyl ester in diesel engine. Renew Energy. 1995;6:335–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Monyem A, Van Gerpen JH. The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions. Biomass Bioenergy. 2001;20(4):317–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kawano D, Ishii H, Goto Y, Noda A, Aoyagi Y. Application of biodiesel fuel to modern diesel engine. SAE Paper No. 2006-01-0233 2006.

  41. Gebremariam SN, Marchetti JM. Economics of biodiesel production: review. Energy Convers Manag. 2018;168(74):84.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641032, India

    P. Jeyalakshmi

Authors
  1. P. Jeyalakshmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Jeyalakshmi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jeyalakshmi, P. Characterization of Simarouba glauca seed oil biodiesel. J Therm Anal Calorim 136, 267–280 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7985-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7985-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation