Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nucleation effect of adipic acid metal salts in isotactic polypropylene

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A series of adipic acid metal salts as nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were synthesized from adipic acid (Adi) and corresponding metal hydroxides or chlorides by neutralization or double decomposition reaction. The effect of different adipate on the crystallization and melting behavior of iPP were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that after adding different metal salts of adipic acids, the crystallization peak temperature of nucleated iPP was increased by different degree. Adi, barium adipate (Adi-Ba), and zinc adipate (Adi-Zn) had higher nucleation efficiency. Notably, Adi-Zn and Adi-Ba were highly effective β-crystal nucleating agents; the others were α-crystal nucleating agents. In addition, the relative content of β-crystals in nucleated iPP was higher than 0.9 with the addition of Adi-Ba or Adi-Zn, especially when Adi-Zn was added at 0.05 mass% reached 0.9422, indicating that Adi-Ba and Adi-Zn are highly active and selective β-nucleating agents for iPP.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhang YF, Li D, Chen QJ. Preparation and nucleation effects of nucleating agent hexahydrophthalic acid metal salts for isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci. 2017;295(10):1973–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang YF, Guo LH, Chen H, Liu BB, Gu YH. Properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene under action of an effective nucleating agent. J Macromol Sci B. 2015;54(9):1019–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Varga J, Mudra I, Ehrenstein GW. Highly active thermally stable β-nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 1999;74(10):2357–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhao SC, Cai Z, Xin Z. A highly active novel β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. Polymer. 2008;49(11):2745–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lotz B, Wittmann JC, Lovinger AJ. Structure and morphology of poly(propylenes): a molecular analysis. Polymer. 1996;37:4979–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lotz B. α and β phases of isotactic polypropylene: a case of growth kinetics ‘phase reentrency’ in polymer crystallization. Polymer. 1998;39(19):4561–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Papageorgiou DG, Chrissafis K, Bikiaris DN. β-Nucleated polypropylene: processing, properties and nanocomposites. Polym Rev. 2015;55(4):596–629.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Jones AT, Aizlewood JM, Beckett DR. Crystalline forms of isotactic polypropylene. Macromol Chem Phys. 1964;75(1):134–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Shi GY, Zhang XD, Cao YH, Hong J. Melting behavior and crystalline order of β-crystalline phase poly (propylene). Macromol Chem Phys. 1993;194(1):269–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhou PZ, Zhang YF, Lin XF. Thermal stability of nucleation effect of different β-nucleating agents in isotactic polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;132(3):1845–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang YF. Crystallization and melting behaviors of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with compound nucleating agents. J Polym Sci Polym Phys. 2008;46(9):911–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Varga J, Karger-Kocsis J. Interfacial morphologies in carbon fibre-reinforced polypropylene microcomposites. Polymer. 1995;36(25):4877–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Varga J. β-modification of isotactic polypropylene: preparation, structure, processing, properties, and application. J Macromol Sci B. 2002;41(4–6):1121–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang YF, Zhou PZ, Guo LH, Hou HH. The relationship between crystal structure and nucleation effect of 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris (phenylamide) in isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci. 2017;295(4):619–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang YF, Chen H. Effects of nucleating agent 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylic acid tris (cyclohexylamide) on properties and crystallization behaviors of isotactic polypropylene. Colloid Polym Sci. 2014;292(2):493–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. He B, Lin XF, Zhang YF. Effect of a novel compound nucleating agent calcium sulfate whisker/β-nucleating agent dicyclohexyl-terephthalamide on crystallization and melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;132(2):1145–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang YF, Hou HH, Guo LH. Effects of cyclic carboxylate nucleating agents on nucleus density and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2018;131(2):1483–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Horváth F, Gombár T, Varga J, Menyhárd A. Crystallization, melting, supermolecular structure and properties of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with dicyclohexyl-terephthalamide. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128(2):925–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mohmeyer N, Schmidt HW, Kristiansen PM, Altstädt V. Influence of chemical structure and solubility of bisamide additives on the nucleation of isotactic polypropylene and the improvement of its charge storage properties. Macromolecules. 2006;39(17):5760–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Li ZK, Liu YS, Nie M, Wang Q. Self-assembly behavior of aryl amide nucleating agent under supercritical carbon dioxide and its influence on polypropylene. Polym Plast Technol. 2017;56(18):1937–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Luo F, Geng CZ, Wang K, Deng H, Chen F, Fu Q, Na B. New understanding in tuning toughness of β-polypropylene: the role of β-nucleated crystalline morphology. Macromolecules. 2009;42(23):9325–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Xiao WC, Wu PY, Feng JC, Yao RY. Influence of a novel β-nucleating agent on the structure, morphology, and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2009;111(2):1076–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Xiao WC, Wu PY, Feng JC. Effect of β-nucleating agents on crystallization and melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2008;108(5):3370–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Luo F, Wang K, Ning NY, Geng CZ, Deng H, Chen F, Zheng D. Dependence of mechanical properties on β-form content and crystalline morphology for β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene. Polym Adv Technol. 2011;22(12):2044–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Beck HN. Heterogeneous nucleating agents for polypropylene crystallization. J Appl Polym Sci. 1967;11(5):673–85.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jiang CQ, Zhao SC, Xin Z. Influence of a novel β-nucleating agent on the structure, mechanical properties, and crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene. J Thermoplast Compos. 2015;28(5):610–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Li Y, Kong JJ, Xin SY, Han CY. Crystallization and melting characteristics of iPP nucleated by a sustainable eggshell powder-supported β-nucleating agent. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2017;128(2):1093–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dou Q, Lu QL, Li HD. Effect of metallic salts of malonic acid on the formation of β crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene. J Macromol Sci B. 2008;47(5):900–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dou Q, Lu QL. Effect of calcium malonate on the formation of β crystalline form in isotactic poly (propylene). Polym Adv Technol. 2008;19(11):1522–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li XJ, Hu KL, Ji MR, Huang YL, Zhou GE. Calcium dicarboxylates nucleation of β-polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 2002;86(3):633–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dou Q. A comparison of the effects of calcium glutarate and pimelate on the formation of β crystalline form in isotactic poly (propylene). J Macromol Sci B. 2007;47(1):127–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dai X, Zhang ZS, Wang CG, Ding Q, Jiang J, Mai KC. A novel montmorillonite with β-nucleating surface for enhancing β-crystallization of isotactic polypropylene. Compos Part A Appl Sci. 2013;49:1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Dou Q, Lu QL, Li HD. Effect of metallic salts of glutaric acid on the formation of β-crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene. J Elastom Plast. 2009;41:509–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhao SC, Gong HZ, Yu X, Xin Z, Sun SB, Zhou S, Shi YQ. A highly active and selective β-nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene and crystallization behavior of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene under rapid cooling. J Appl Polym Sci. 2016;133(32):43767–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Li JX, Cheung WL. Pimelic acid-based nucleating agents for hexagonal crystalline polypropylene. J Vinyl Addit Technol. 1997;3(2):151–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen Y, Yang S, Yang H, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Li Z. Toughness reinforcement in carbon nanotube-filled high impact polypropylene copolymer with β-nucleating agent. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2016;55(32):8733–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Shangguan Y, Song Y, Peng M, Li B, Zheng Q. Formation of β-crystal from nonisothermal crystallization of compression-molded isotactic polypropylene melt. Eur Polym J. 2005;41(8):1766–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Vleeshouwers S. Simultaneous in situ WAXS/SAXS and DSC study of the recrystallization and melting behaviour of the α and β form of iPP. Polymer. 1997;38(13):3213–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rybnikar F. Efficiency of nucleating additives in polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 1969;13(5):827–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rybnikar F. Character of crystallization nuclei in isotactic polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci. 1982;27(5):1479–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21376031) and Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 16A004).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, No. 960, South Wanjiali Road, Changsha, 410114, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao-Qiong Ren, Yue-Fei Zhang, Juan He & Yan Li

Authors
  1. Xiao-Qiong Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yue-Fei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Juan He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yue-Fei Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ren, XQ., Zhang, YF., He, J. et al. Nucleation effect of adipic acid metal salts in isotactic polypropylene. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 3321–3328 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7515-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7515-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation