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Quality standardization of herbal medicines of Spondias dulcis Parkinson using analytical and microbiological analysis

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Abstract

The quality control is vital for the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. However, the quality of standardization is most difficult because the studies do not cover this step. The objective of this study was quality standardization of herbal drugs of Spondias dulcis Parkinson. The leaves were dried and ground to a powder. The plant drug was evaluated by parameters of mean particle size (417.85 μm), apparent density (0.37 ± 0.01 g mL−1), moisture content (7.96 ± 0.35%), loss on drying (7.33 ± 0.09%), pH (3.90 ± 0.01), total ash (12.66 ± 0.23%), acid insoluble ash (3.22 ± 0.20%) and aqueous extractives (24.00 ± 3.28%). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins. Microbiological analysis presented a total count within the recommended limits and the absence of pathogenic microorganisms. The infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis (TG/DTA) showed that physical and chemical processes occurred. The FTIR fingerprint has been characterized by characteristic peaks. The TG curves present six steps, and DTA curve presents three events. The results provide the scientific data for the proper identification and establishment of standards for future investigations and applications.

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Abbreviations

DTA:

Differential thermal analysis

DTG:

Derivative thermogravimetry

EMB:

Eosin methylene blue

FTIR:

Infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform

GC:

Gas chromatography

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

TG:

Thermogravimetry

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

TSI:

Triple sugar and iron agar

XLD:

Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Maria de Fátima Moretti for technical support.

Funding

This work was supported by PADC—FCFAr Unesp, CNPq and Capes Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Route Araraquara-Jaú Km1, Campus Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil

    Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes & Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado

  2. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNIFACISA – Centro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil

    Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes

  3. School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Fabio Boylan

Authors
  1. Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes
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  2. Fabio Boylan
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  3. Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
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Correspondence to Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes.

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Fernandes, F.H.A., Boylan, F. & Salgado, H.R.N. Quality standardization of herbal medicines of Spondias dulcis Parkinson using analytical and microbiological analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 134, 1923–1928 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7486-2

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