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Experimental investigation of mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a circular microchannel with different inclination angles

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Abstract

In this study, the characteristics of mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluids in circular microchannels with 500 μm diameter were investigated experimentally. In the study, water and water-based SiO2 nanofluids were used as the working fluid, and volumetric particle ratios of the nanofluids were selected as 0.2 and 0.4%. The thermal conductivity and viscosity characterizations of all fluids were performed in the temperature range of 20–60 °C, and the characteristics related to the temperature obtained from the measurements were used in calculations. The effect of the microchannel inclination angle and particle volumetric ratio on the mixed convection heat transfer characteristics was investigated. Upon examining the results, it was revealed that the range of 13–35% of the total heat transfer was generated by the natural convection effects. Increasing the inclination angle of the test section provided an enhancement between 4 and 13% in the total heat transfer. Furthermore, the increase in the volumetric particle ratio increased both forced convection heat transfer and the natural convection heat transfer components. Adding nanosized SiO2 particles into the water caused the total heat transfer to increase from 12 to 14% for 0.2 vol% and from 29 to 32% for 0.4 vol%.

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Abbreviations

A :

Heat transfer surface area (m2)

C p :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J kg−1 K−1)

D :

Diameter (m)

D T :

Thermophoretic diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

D B :

Brownian diffusion coefficient (m2 s−1)

Gr :

Grashof number

Gz :

Graetz number

g :

Gravitational acceleration (m s−2)

h :

Convection heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

I :

Current (A)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

k B :

Boltzmann constant (J K−1)

L :

Length of tube (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

N T :

Thermophoresis parameter

Nu :

Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

Ra :

Rayleigh number

Re :

Reynolds number

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat rate (W)

T :

Temperature (°C)

U :

Average velocity (m s−1)

V :

Voltage (V)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg ms−1)

β :

Thermal expansion coefficient (1 K−1)

Φ :

Natural convection effect

Ω :

A form of Nusselt number

v :

Kinematic viscosity (m2 s−1)

α :

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

φ :

Nanoparticle volumetric fraction

θ :

Microchannel inclination angle

avg:

Average

b:

Bulk

bf:

Basefluid

i:

İnlet

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

o:

Outlet

s:

Surface

w:

Wall

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Erzurum Technical University, Research Project Foundation (Project No. BAP-2015/3). The Authors wish to thank Erzurum Technical University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Technical University of Erzurum, Erzurum, Turkey

    Eyuphan Manay & Emre Mandev

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  1. Eyuphan Manay
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  2. Emre Mandev
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Correspondence to Eyuphan Manay.

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Manay, E., Mandev, E. Experimental investigation of mixed convection heat transfer of nanofluids in a circular microchannel with different inclination angles. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 887–900 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7463-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7463-9

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