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Synthesis and thermal decomposition behavior of nitrogen- and oxygen-rich energetic material N-trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2H-1,2,3-triazole

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Abstract

N-trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2H-1,2,3-triazole was readily synthesized from 4,5-dicyano-2H-1,2,3-triazole. Its crystal structure was obtained for the first time and its crystalline density in 296 K was 1.729 g cm−3. It shows high nitrogen and oxygen content up to 77.6%, high calculated solid heat of formation (564 kJ mol−1), and superior detonation pressure and detonation velocity (D = 8619 m s−1, P = 30.8 GPa). This new hydrogen-absent explosive shows high impact and friction sensitivities (IS: 1.25 J, FS: 32 N), which is lower than commercial primary explosive 2-diazonium-4,6-dinitrophenol (DDNP) (IS: 1 J, FS: 5 N). The relationship between intermolecular interaction and sensitivity as well as thermal stability of the title compound was investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plot. Its thermodynamic properties were studied by non-isothermal kinetic methods based on the results of differential scanning calorimeter. It is interesting that apparent activation energy (Ea) at Tp1 (210.89–214.17 kJ mol−1) is higher than those at Tp2 (133.90–134.87 kJ mol−1). In addition, gaseous product of this new energetic compound was analyzed by the rapid scanning Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy from 20 to 200 °C and its detonation products was theoretically predicted. Based on the decomposition products, its decomposition mechanism was discussed under inert atmosphere. It is undoubted that these significant physicochemical properties make N-trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2H-1,2,3-triazole a potential hydrogen-absent primary explosive.

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Acknowledgements

The support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11402237 and 11302200), the Science and Technology Development Funds of CAEP (No. 2015B0302055), and the NSAF Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Academy of Engineering Physics (No. U1530262) are gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to Mrs. Lin Wang for considerable assistance with RS-FTIR test.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of National Defense Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China

    Xin Yin & Shumin Wang

  2. Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, Sichuan, China

    Xin Yin, Jie Li, Guojie Zhang, Qing Ma & Jun Wang

  3. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China

    Hao Gu

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  1. Xin Yin
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Correspondence to Qing Ma.

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Yin, X., Li, J., Zhang, G. et al. Synthesis and thermal decomposition behavior of nitrogen- and oxygen-rich energetic material N-trinitromethyl-4,5-dicyano-2H-1,2,3-triazole. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 2317–2328 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7390-9

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