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Experimental study on the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of ethylene glycol–water for using in indirect heater at city gate stations

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the increase in heat transfer in the indirect heater at a city gate station (CGS) with the addition of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to water–ethylene glycol base fluids. Indirect heaters are typically used at CGSs to raise the heat transfer coefficient of output gas flow from − 5 to 15 °C. Moreover, manufacturing laboratory equipment in the presence of water–ethylene glycol base fluid and the nanoparticle in volume fractions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 at a temperature of 40–70 °C was discussed using dimensional simulation and analysis. The physical properties of the base fluid and nanofluid were measured using precise devices. Heat transfer tests for the base and nanofluid, as well as replacing of the air by gas, were conducted in a simulated and developed device. According to the obtained results with respect to the changes in convection and conduction heat transfer, enhancement of temperature difference at a rate of 36% was observed in the indirect heater with nanoparticle volume concentration of 0.2% at a temperature of 70 °C. Moreover, the Nusselt number showed a relatively good agreement with theoretical discussions.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area (m2)

C p :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

D :

Pipe diameter (m)

H :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

K:

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L p :

Nanotube length (m)

L :

Length of test tube (m)

Nu :

Nusselt number

P :

Pressure (Pa)

Re :

Reynolds number

T :

Temperature (K)

U :

Velocity vector (m s−1)

V :

Volume (m3)

Pr :

Prandtl number

T m :

Mean temperature (K)

\(\mathop m\limits^{.}\) :

Mass rate (kg s−1)

bf:

Base fluid

P:

Nanoparticle

i:

Inlet

O:

Outlet

Exp:

Experimental

C:

Cold fluid

H:

Hot fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

m:

Average

EG:

Ethylene glycol

W:

Water

CuO:

Copper oxide

\(\Delta P\) :

Pressure drop (P)a

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg m−3)

µ :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

\(\varphi\) :

Volume fraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-51167, Iran

    A. R. Rahmati & M. Reiszadeh

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Correspondence to A. R. Rahmati.

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Rahmati, A.R., Reiszadeh, M. Experimental study on the effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on thermophysical properties of ethylene glycol–water for using in indirect heater at city gate stations. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 73–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6946-4

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