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Thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid

A new economic strategy and model

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Abstract

Hybrid nanofluid can be considered as a new generation of nanofluids. Despite the success of the researchers in the field of hybrid nanofluids, no acceptable model has been proposed yet that can accurately predict the thermal conductivity of these nanofluids. The nanofluids, containing carbon nanotubes, are not excluded. This research to provide a model based on previous models to predict the thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes. For this reason, the thermal conductivity of MWCNT–MgO/water–EG nanofluids was experimentally measured. The experimental data were in seven solid volume fractions from 0.015 to 0.96%, in which the tests have been done at the temperature range 30–50 °C. A modified conventional model (as a proposed correlation in present study) can produce better results in forecasting the experimental data. The predicted data error by modified Jang–Choi model as proposed correlation was less than 3%. In addition, the price–performance analysis of the thermal conductivity data shows that hybrid nanofluids are better than single particle nanofluids.

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Abbreviations

MgO:

Magnesium oxide

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

EG:

Ethylene glycol

MOD:

Margin of deviation

R :

Regression coefficient

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

nm:

Nanometer

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

T :

Temperature (°C)

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

\(\theta\) :

Angle between a nanotube and a desired fixed direction

φ :

Particle solid volume fraction

\(\beta\) :

Value of Kapitza resistance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Hemmat Esfe

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran

    Mahmoud Kiannejad Amiri

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Ali Alirezaie

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  1. Mohammad Hemmat Esfe
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Correspondence to Mohammad Hemmat Esfe.

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Hemmat Esfe, M., Kiannejad Amiri, M. & Alirezaie, A. Thermal conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 134, 1113–1122 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6836-9

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