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Numerical study of flow and heat transfer of water-Al2O3 nanofluid inside a channel with an inner cylinder using Eulerian–Lagrangian approach

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Abstract

The present paper is a numerical study on heat transfer and pressure drop of a nanofluid including water as base fluid with Al2O3 nanoparticles inside a square channel having an inner cylinder, with and without fin under constant heat flux condition using two-phase Euler–Lagrange approach. Numerical investigation has been carried out for various combinations of base fluid, nanoparticle size and concentration through a straight cylinder. Simulation has been performed in a laminar flow regime using finite volume method. Besides, the thermal boundary condition of constant uniform heat flux on the channel wall was applied. The results show that the increase in Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration have considerable effects on heat transfer coefficient enhancement. The heat transfer coefficient decreases when nanoparticles diameter increases. The passive way used in this study, leads to higher pressure drops. For all fluids under consideration, pressure drop escalates with Reynolds number. Adding nanoparticles to the base fluid leads to rise in pressure drop, and this effect is more intensive for higher concentrations.

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Abbreviations

A :

Particle surface area, m2

B :

Channel height/m

C c :

Cunningham correction factor to Stokes’ drag law

C p :

Specific heat/J kg−1 K−1

D :

Rigid cylinder diameter

\(d_{\text{p}}\) :

Particle diameter/nm

\(d_{\text{ij}}\) :

Deformation tensor

\(F_{\text{D}}\) :

Drag force/N kg−1

\(F_{\text{L}}\) :

Lift force/N kg−1

\(F_{\text{V}}\) :

Virtual mass force/N kg−1

\(F_{\text{G}}\) :

Gravity force/N kg−1

\(F_{\text{P}}\) :

Pressure gradient force/N kg−1

\(F_{\text{B}}\) :

Brownian force/N kg−1

g :

Gravity acceleration/m s−2

h :

Convective heat transfer coefficient/W m−2 K

k :

Thermal conductivity for fluid/W m−1 K−1

\(k_{\text{B}}\) :

Boltzmann constant (= \(1.3807 \times 10^{23}\)) J K-1

L :

Axial length/m

\(m_{\text{p}}\) :

Mass of particle/kg

\(n_{\text{p}}\) :

Number of solid particle in cell volume

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number

P :

Pressure/N m−2

Q :

Heat flux/W m−2

Re :

Reynolds number

S p,e :

Energy transfer between fluid and particle

S 0 :

Spectral intensity basis

\(S_{\text{n,ij}}\) :

Spectral intensity

t :

Time

T :

Temperature/K

v :

Velocity/m s−1

μ :

Dynamic viscosity/N sm−2

\(\delta_{\text{ij}}\) :

Kronecker delta function

△:

Difference

\(\zeta_{i}\) :

Zero-mean, unit-variance-independent

λ :

Molecular free path/m

ν :

Kinematic viscosity/m s−2

ρ :

Density/kg m−3

f:

Fluid

p:

Particle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Ali Akbar Ahmadi

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran

    Erfan Khodabandeh

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran

    Hesam Moghadasi & Navid Malekian

  4. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr Branch, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    Omid Ali Akbari

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran

    Mehdi Bahiraei

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  1. Ali Akbar Ahmadi
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Ahmadi, A.A., Khodabandeh, E., Moghadasi, H. et al. Numerical study of flow and heat transfer of water-Al2O3 nanofluid inside a channel with an inner cylinder using Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. J Therm Anal Calorim 132, 651–665 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6798-y

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