Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Reinvestigation of phase equilibria in TbCl3–LiCl binary system

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The phase equilibria in the terbium(III) chloride–lithium chloride pseudobinary system were established by means of differential scanning calorimetry. It was established that the pure terbium(III) chloride undergoes solid–solid phase transition at 790 K and melts at 859 K. The TbCl3–LiCl pseudobinary system is characterized by the existence of two compounds. First one, namely Li3TbCl6, forms at 553 K and melts incongruently at 727 K. Second compound, LiTbCl4, decomposes in the solid state at 609 K. The composition of Li3TbCl6–TbCl3 eutectic corresponding to terbium(III) chloride mole fraction x = 0.521 (T = 665 K) was found from Tammann plot, which predict, through application of the lever rule, the variation of the enthalpy associated with eutectic melting as a function of composition. The obtained results have been compared with the literature data concerning for the TbCl3–LiCl pseudobinary system. The phase diagram of the TbCl3–LiCl pseudobinary system was also optimized by CALPHAD method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Naumov VS, Bychkov AV, Lebedev A. Advenctes in molten salts: from structural aspects to waste processing. In: Gaude-Escard M, editor. Properties of liquid-salt nuclear fuel and its reprocessing technology. Danbury: Begell House Inc; 1999. p. 432–53.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Junming T, Bath NY. Quarty Metal Halide Lamps with Improved Lumen Maintenance. U.S. Patent Application Publication. 2008; US2008/0093993 Ai.

  3. Junming T, Bath NY. Quarty Metal Halide Lamps with Improved Lumen Maintenance. U.S. Patent Application Publication. 2010; US 7, 786,674 B2.

  4. Seifert HJ. Ternary chlorides of the trivalent late lanthanides: Phase diagrams, crystal structures and thermodynamic properties. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;83:479–505 and references therein.

  5. Gmelin L. Handbook of inorganic chemistry, vol. C5. 8th ed. Berlin: Springer; 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Prosypajko VI, Alekseeva EA. In: Bell HB, editor. Phase equilibria in binary halides. New York: IFI/Plenum; 1987.

  7. Kutscher J, Schneider A. Zur Systematik der Zustandsdiagramme von Lanthaniden(III)-halogenid-Alkalihalogenid-System. Z Anorg Allg Chem. 1974;408:135–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Seifert HJ. Ternary chlorides of the trivalent early lanthanides: Phase diagrams, crystal structures and thermodynamic properties. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2002;67:789–826 and references therein.

  9. Mitra S, Uebach J, Seifert HJ. Ternary chlorides in the systems ACl/TbCl3 (A = K, Rb, Cs). J Solid State Chem. 1995;115:484–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Seifert HJ, Sandrock J, Uebach J. Thermochemical and structural investigations on the systems NaCl/TbCl3 and NaCl/DyCl3. Acta Chem Scand. 1995;49:653–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chao-Gui Z, Shou-Lin H, Si-Qiang W. Phase diagram of binary systems ErCl3–MCln (M = Li, Ca, Pb; n = 1 or 2). Chem J Chin Univ. 1993;14:992–5.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chao-Gui Z, Shou-Lin H, Si-Qiang W. Phase diagram of binary systems YbCl3–MCln (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Pb; n = 1 or 2). Acta Phys Chim Sin. 1994;10:342–7.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chao-Gui Z, Shou-Lin H, Si-Qiang W. Phase diagram of binary systems HoCl3–MCln (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Pb; n = 1 or 2). Acta Chim Sin. 1994;52:735–9.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Chao-Gui Z, Zhong-Dong Z, Si-Qiang W. Phase diagram of binary systems DyCl3–MCln (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Pb; n = 1 or n = 2). Inst Sci Tech Inf China. 1994;18:263.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chao-Gui Z, Shou-Lin H, Si-Qiang W. Phase diagrams of the binary systems TbCl3-MCln (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Pb; n = 1 or 2). Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 1993;3(2):33.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rycerz L, Gaune-Escard M. Enthalpies of phase transitions and heat capacity of TbCl3 and compounds formed in TbCl3–MCl systems (M = K, Rb, Cs). J Therm Anal Calorim. 2002;68:973–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dworkin AS, Bredig MA. Enthalpy of lanthanide chloride, bromides and iodides from 298–1300 degrees k-enthalpies of fusion and transition. High Temp Sci. 1971;3(1):81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Konings RJM, Kovacs A. Thermodynamic properties of the lanthanide(III) halides. Handb Phys Chem Rare Earths. 2003;33(213):147–247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Goryushkin VF, Zalymova SA, Poshevneva AI. Thermal constants of the conversion of yttrium subgroup lanthanide trichloride. Zh Neorg Khim. 1990;35:3081.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Dańczak A, Rycerz L. Reinvestigation of the DyCl3–LiCl binary system phase diagram. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2016;126:299–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kubaschewski O, Alcock CB, Spencer PJ. Materials thermochemistry. 6th ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Findlay A. The phase rule and its applications. New York: Longmans, Green and Co.; 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Guenet JM. Contributions of phase diagram to the understanding of organized polymer-solvent systems. Thermochim Acta. 1996;284:67–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Rycerz L. Practical remarks concerning phase diagram determination on the base of DSC measurements. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;113:231–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lukas HL, Fries SG, Sundman B. Computational thermodynamics, the Calphad method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Saunders N, Miodownik AP. CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams): a comprehensive guide. 1st ed. Oxford: Pergamon; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rycerz L, Gaune-Escard M. Mixing enthalpy of TbCl3–MCl liquid mixtures (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs). High Temp Mater Proc. 1998;2(4):483–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kapała J. Management program for BINGSS phase diagram optimizer. In: An international conference on phase diagram calculation and computational thermochemistry CALPHAD XXXIII, Kraków, 30.05–04.06.2004, 2004.

  29. Lukas HL, Fries SG. Demonstration of the use of “BINGSS” with the Mg–Zn system as example. J Phase Equilib. 1992;13(5):532–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Szczygieł I, Salamon B, Kapała J. Modelling of thermodynamic properties of NdBr 3-MBr (M = Li–Cs) pseudobinary systems. CALPHAD. 2016;53:130–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Salamon B, Rycerz L, Kapała J, Gaune-Escard M. Phase diagram of NdI3–RbI pseudo-binary system. Thermodynamic properties of solid compounds. J Phase Equilib. 2015;404:9–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kapała J, Salamon B. Thermodynamic assessment of TbCl3–MCl (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) binary systems. CALPHAD. 2013;43:139–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Sommer F. Associacion model for the description of thermodynamic functions of liquid alloys part 1. Z Metallkd. 1982;73:72–6, and part 2. Z Metallkd. 1982;73:77–86.

  34. Krull HG, Singh RN, Sommer F. Generalised association model. Z Metallkd. 2000;91:356–65.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Photiadis GM, Brresen B, Papatheodorou GN. Vibrational modes and structures of lanthanide halide-alkali halide binary melts LnBr 3-KBr (Ln = La, Nd, Gd) and NdCl3–ACl (A = Li, Na, K, Cs). J Chem Soc Farad Trans. 1998;94:2605–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work was co-financed by a statutory activity subsidy from Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry of Wrocław University of Science and Technology and for the Faculty of Engineering and Economics of Wrocław University of Economics. We would like to thank Dr. Hans Leo Lukas from Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, Germany, for his set of programs for optimization and calculation of the phase diagrams.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Analytical Chemistry and Analytical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland

    A. Dańczak, J. Kapała & L. Rycerz

  2. Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Wrocław University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345, Wrocław, Poland

    B. Salamon

  3. CNRS UMR 7343-IUSTI, Ecole Polytechnique, 5 rue Enrico Fermi, 13453, Marseille Cedex 13, France

    M. Gaune-Escard

Authors
  1. A. Dańczak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Salamon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Kapała
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. L. Rycerz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Gaune-Escard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Salamon.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dańczak, A., Salamon, B., Kapała, J. et al. Reinvestigation of phase equilibria in TbCl3–LiCl binary system. J Therm Anal Calorim 130, 25–33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6315-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6315-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation