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Statistical classification of early and late wood through the growth rings using thermogravimetric analysis

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry volume 127, pages 499–506 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

The aim of this study is to statistically identify and distinguish wood samples corresponding to different areas of annual rings in trees of temperate regions, using the corresponding thermogravimetric (TG) and their first TG derivative (DTG) curves, and specifically to verify whether late and early wood chestnut samples are different with statistical significance, taking into account their TG and DTG curves. These significant differences are sought by applying statistical procedures based on functional data analysis (FDA), such as the functional ANOVA and the FDA classification methods. Each TG curve is firstly smoothed using the local polynomial regression estimator, and its first derivative is estimated. Then, functional ANOVA based on random projections (RP) is used to identify significant differences between TG or DTG curves of early and late wood samples. In order to know the extent of the differences between early and late wood samples, they are discriminated (and the correct classification proportion obtained) by employing a kernel nonparametric functional data analysis technique, based on the Bayes' rule, as well as functional generalized linear models and functional generalized additive models, allowing to classify materials using more than one type of thermal curves simultaneously. The results are compared with those obtained using some classical multivariate supervised classification methods: linear discriminant analysis, naive Bayes (NBC) and quadratic classification (QDA). The partial least squares (PLS) dimension reduction procedure was previously applied to the TG curves in order to employ these multivariate methods. The application of RP ANOVA shows significant differences between late and early wood regarding mass loss and mass loss rate under combustion. The use of PLS multivariate methods or FDA classification approaches applied to the TG and DTG curves allows to distinguish very accurately between late and early wood. The proposed method could be applied to other species to identify thermooxidative differences, combined with other experimental methods to find their chemical and physical causes.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Grant MTM2014-52876-R. We are grateful to a referee for constructive and helpful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Informática, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    Mario Francisco-Fernández

  2. Departamento de Matemáticas. Facultade de Humanidades, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    Javier Tarrío-Saavedra

  3. Departamento de Matemáticas. Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    Salvador Naya

  4. Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial II. Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain

    Jorge López-Beceiro & Ramón Artiaga

Authors
  1. Mario Francisco-Fernández
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  2. Javier Tarrío-Saavedra
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  3. Salvador Naya
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  4. Jorge López-Beceiro
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  5. Ramón Artiaga
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Correspondence to Mario Francisco-Fernández.

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Francisco-Fernández, M., Tarrío-Saavedra, J., Naya, S. et al. Statistical classification of early and late wood through the growth rings using thermogravimetric analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim 127, 499–506 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5917-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5917-5

Keywords

  • Wood
  • Supervised classification
  • Functional data analysis
  • Multivariate analysis
  • Thermogravimetric analysis
  • Partial least squares