Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of a novel flame retardant containing silicon and nitrogen on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polycarbonate

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel flame retardant (PSiN), containing silicon and nitrogen, was synthesized using N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and diphenylsilanediol through solution polycondensation and it was added to polycarbonate (PC). The structure and thermal properties of PSiN were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests. The effect of PSiN on the flame retardancy and thermal behaviors of PC was investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), and TG tests. The results showed that the flame retardancy and the thermal stability of PC are improved with the addition of PSiN. When 1 mass% PSiN and 0.5 mass% diphenylsulfone sulfonate (KSS) are incorporated, the LOI value of PC is found to be 46, and class V-0 of UL-94 test is passed. The char structure observed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of the char for PC/KSS/PSiN system holds a firmer and denser char structure when compared with neat PC and PC/KSS system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li XG, Huang MR. Thermal degradation of bisphenol a polycarbonate by high-resolution thermogravimetry. Polym Int. 1999;48:387–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Levchik SV, Weil ED. Overview of recent developments in the flame retardancy of polycarbonates. Polym Int. 2005;54:981–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Liu S, Ye H, Zhou Y, He J, Jiang Z, Zhao J, Huang X. Study on flame-retardant mechanism of polycarbonate containing sulfonate-silsesquioxane-fluoro retardants by TGA and FTIR. Polym Degrad Stabil. 2006;91:1808–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhou W, Yang H, Zhou J. The thermal degradation of bisphenol: a polycarbonate containing methylphenyl-silicone additive. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2007;78:413–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zaikov GE, Lomakin SM. Polymer flame retardancy: a new approach. J Appl Polym Sci. 1998;68:715–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lu SY, Hamerton I. Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers. Prog Polym Sci. 2002;27:1661–712.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sen AK, Mukheriee B, Bhattacharya AS, Sanghi LK, De PP, Bhowmick K. Preparation and characterization of low-halogen and nonhalgoen fire-resistant low-smoke (FRLS) cable sheathing compound from blends of functionalized polyolefins and PVC. J Appl Polym Sci. 1991;43:1673–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chiu SH, Wang WK. Dynamic flame retardancy of polypropylene filled with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine additives. Polymer. 1998;39:1951–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Le Bras M, Bugajny M, Lefebvre J, Bourbigot S. Use of polyurethanes as char-forming agents in polypropylene intumescent formulations. Polym Int. 2000;49:1115–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Innes J, et al. Flame retardants for polycarbonate—new and classical solutions. Plast Addit Compd. 2006;8:26–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ishli K, Shimomai K. Flame-retardent polycarbonate resin composition and a molded product. US Patent. 2002; 6342550.

  12. Blackburn KJ, Gallucci RR, Georgiev EM. Flame retardant polycarbonate resin/ABS graft copolymer blends. US Patent. 2003; 6605659.

  13. Chen XL, Hu Y, Song L. Thermal behaviors of a novel UV cured flame retardant coatings containing phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon. Polym Eng Sci. 2008;48:116–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhong HF, Wei P, Jiang PK. Synthesis and characteristics of a novel silicon-containing flame retardant and its application in poly[2,2-propane-(bisphenol)carbonate]/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. J Polym Sci B. 2007;45:1542–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Masatoshi I, Shin S. Silicone derivatives as new flame retardants for aromatic thermoplastics used in electronic devices. Polym Adv Technol. 1998;9:593–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhong HF, Wei P, Jiang PK. Thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardancy of PC/ABS with novel silicon-containing flame retardant. Fire Mater. 2007;31:411–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu SM, Lang XM, Ye H. Preparation and characterization of copolymerized aminopropyl/phenylsilsesquioxane microparticles. Eur Polym J. 2005;41:996–1001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Nishihara H, Suda Y, Sakuma T. Halogen- and phosphorus-free flame retardant PC plastic with excellent moldability and recyclability. J Fire Sci. 2003;21:451–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. He QL, Song L, Hu Y, Zhou S. Synergistic effects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and oligomeric bisphenyl A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) on thermal and flame retardant properties of polycarbonate. J Mater Sci. 2009;5:1308–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Song L, He QL, Hu Y, Chen H, Liu L. Study on thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of PC/POSS hybrids. Polym Degrad Stabil. 2008;93:627–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Periadurai T, Vijayakumarb CT, Balasubramanian M. Thermal decomposition and flame retardant behaviour of SiO2-phenolic nanocomposite. J Anal Appl Pyrol. 2010;89:244–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ozawa T. A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 1965;38:1881–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Polli H, Pontes LAM, Souza MJB, Araujo AS. Thermal analysis kinetics applied to flame retardant polycarbonate. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;86:469–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Perret Birgit, Kristin H, Pawlowski, Bernhard Schartel. Fire retardancy mechanisms of arylphosphates in polycarbonate (PC) and PC/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:949–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Takashi K, John RS, Richard HH. Flame-retardant mechanism of silica: effects of resin molecular weight. J Appl Polym Sci. 2003;87:1541–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Grassie N, Francey KF, Macfarlane IG. The thermal degradation of polysiloxanes-part 4: poly(dimethyl/diphenyl siloxane). Polym Degrad Stab. 1980;2:67–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    Dandan Yuan, Haiqing Yin & Xufu Cai

Authors
  1. Dandan Yuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haiqing Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xufu Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xufu Cai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yuan, D., Yin, H. & Cai, X. Effect of a novel flame retardant containing silicon and nitrogen on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polycarbonate. J Therm Anal Calorim 111, 1531–1537 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2488-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-012-2488-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation