Abstract
The chemical composition and reactivity of fir (Abies bornmulleriana) wood under non-isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) conditions were studied. Oxidation of the wood sample at temperatures near 600 °C caused the loss of aliphatics from the structure of the wood and created a char heavily containing C–O functionalities and of highly aromatic character. On-line FTIR recordings of the combustion of wood indicated the oxidation of carbonaceous and hydrogen content of the wood and release of some hydrocarbons due to pyrolysis reactions that occurred during combustion of the wood. TG analysis was used to study combustion of fir wood. Non-isothermal TG data were used to evaluate the kinetics of the combustion of this carbonaceous material. The article reports application of Ozawa–Flynn–Wall model to deal with non-isothermal TG data for the evaluation of the activation energy corresponding to the combustion of the fir wood. The average activation energy related to fir wood combustion was 128.9 kJ/mol, and the average reaction order for the combustion of wood was calculated as 0.30.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Di Blasi C. Combustion and gasification rates of lignocellulosic chars. Progress Energ Comb Sci. 2009;35:121–40.
Vamvuka D, Salpigidou N, Kastanaki E, Sfakiotakis S. Possibility of using paper sludge in co-firing applications. Fuel. 2009;88:637–43.
Várhegyi G, Szabó P, Jakab E, Till F. Mathematical modeling of char reactivity in Ar-O2 and CO2–O2 mixtures. Energ Fuels. 1996;10:1208–14.
Ceylan K, Karaca H, Önal Y. Thermogravimetric analysis of pretreated Turkish lignites. Fuel. 1999;78:1109–16.
Adánez J, De Diego LF, García-Labiano F, Abad A, Abanades JC. Determination of biomass char combustion reactivities for fbc applications by a combined method. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2001;40:4317–23.
Otero M, Díez C, Calvo LF, García AI, Mordu A. Analysis of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal by TG-MS. Biomass Bioenerg. 2002;22:319–29.
Quanrum L, Haoquan H, Qiang Z, Shengwei Z, Gouohua C. Effect of inorganic matter on reactivity and kinetics of coal pyrolysis. Fuel. 2004;83:713–8.
Mianowski A, Bigda R, Zymla V. Study on kinetıcs of combustion of brick-shaped carbonaceous materials. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;84:563–74.
Franceschi E, Cascone I, Nole D. Thermal, XRD and spectrophotometric study on artificially degraded woods. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;91:119–25.
Xu Q, Griffin GJ, Jiang Y, Preston C, Bicknell AD GP, Bradbury GP, White N. Study of burning behavior of small scale wood crib with cone calorimeter. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;91:787–90.
Yu LJ, Wang S, Jiang XM, Wang N, Zhang CQ. Thermal analysis studies on combustion characteristics of seaweed. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;93:611–7.
Otero M, Gómez X, García AI, Morán A. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of the combustion of two different carbonaceous materials coal and sewage sludge. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2008;93:619–26.
Suarez AC, Tancredi N, Cesar P, Pinheiro C, Yoshida MI. Thermal analysis of the combustion of charcoals from Eucalyptus dunnii obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;100:1051–4.
Kastanaki E, Vamvuka D. A comparative reactivity and kinetic study on the combustion of coal–biomass char blends. Fuel. 2006;85:1186–93.
Gil MV, Casal D, Pevida C, Pis JJ, Rubiera F. Thermal behaviour and kinetics of coal/biomass blends during co-combustion. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101:5601–8.
Muthuraman M, Namioka T, Yoshikawa K. Characteristics of co-combustion and kinetic study on hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste with different rank coals: A thermogravimetric analysis. Appl Energ. 2010;87:141–8.
Sahu SG, Sarkar P, Chakraborty N, Adak AK. Thermogravimetric assessment of combustion characteristics of blends of a coal with different biomass chars. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;91:369–78.
Sanchez ME, Otero M, Gomez X, Moran A. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of the combustion of biowastes. Renew Energ. 2009;34:1622–7.
Vyazovkin S. Evaluation of activation energy of thermally stimulated solid-state reactions under arbitrary variation of temperature. J Comput Chem. 1997;18:393–402.
Khawam A, Flanagan DR. Role of isoconversional methods in varying activation energies of solid-state kinetics: II. Nonisothermal kinetic studies. Thermochim Acta. 2005;436:101–12.
Ozawa T. A new method of analyzing thermogravimetric data. Bull Chem Soc Jpn. 1965;38:1881–6.
Ozawa T. Kinetic analysis of derivative curves in thermal analysis. Therm Anal. 1970;2:301–24.
Flynn JH, Wall LA. Structures and thermal analysis of 1,1,6,6-tetraphenylhexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol. Polym Lett. 1966;4:323–8.
Doyle CD. Estimating isothermal life from thermogravimetric data. J Appl Polym Sci. 1962;6:639–42.
Avrami MJ. Kinetics of phase change. I. General theory. Chem Phys. 1939;7:1103–12.
Avrami MJ. Kinetics of phase change. II. Transformation-time relations for random distribution of nuclei. Chem Phys. 1940;8:212–24.
Avrami MJ. Kinetics of phase change. III. Granulation, phase change, and microstructure. Chem Phys. 1941;9:177–84.
Flynn JH, Wall LA. A general treatment of the thermogravimetry of polymers. J Res Natl Bur Stand. 1966;70A:487–523.
Yanfen L, Xiaoqian M. Thermogravimetric analysis of the co-combustion of coal and paper mill sludge. Appl Energ. 2010;87:3526–32.
Di Nola G, de Jong W, Spliethoff H. TG-FTIR characterization of coal and biomass single fuels and blends under slow heating rate conditions: partitioning of the fuel-bound nitrogen. Fuel Process Technol. 2010;91:103–15.
Shevla G. Comprehensive analytical chemistry. In: Shevla G, editor. Analytical infrared spectroscopy, vol. VI. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1976. pp. 334.
Karabakan A, Yürüm Y. Effect of the mineral matrix in the reactions of shales. 2. Oxidation reactions of Turkish Göynük and U.S. Western Reference shales. Fuel. 2000;79:785–92.
Pakdel H, Grandmaison JL, Roy C. Analysis of wood vacuum pyrolysis solid residues by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Can J Chem. 1989;67:310–4.
Pandey KK. Study of the effect of photo-irradiation on the surface chemistry of wood. Polym Degrad Stab. 2005;90:9–20.
Bernstein MP, Cruikshank DP, Sandford SA. Near-infrared laboratory spectra of solid H2O/CO2 and CH3OH/CO2 ice mixtures. Icarus. 2005;179:527–34.
Lemus R. Vibrational excitations in H2O in the framework of a local model. J Mol Spectrosc. 2004;225:73–92.
Wu Y-W, Sun S-Q, Zhou Q, Tao J-X, Noda I. Volatility-dependent 2D IR correlation analysis of traditional Chinese medicine ‘Red Flower Oil’ preparation from different manufacturers. J Mol Struct. 2008;882:107–15.
Kök MV. Temperature-controlled combustion and kinetics of different rank coal samples. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2005;79:175–80.
Coats AW, Redfern JP. Kinetics parameters from thermogravimetric data. Nature. 1964;201:68–9.
Otero M, Calvo LF, Gil MV, Garcia AI, Moran A. Co-combustion of different sewage sludge and coal: a non-isothermal thermogravimetric kinetic analysis. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:6311–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dumanli, A.G., Taş, S. & Yürüm, Y. Co-firing of biomass with coals. J Therm Anal Calorim 103, 925–933 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-010-1126-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-010-1126-9