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Terahertz based optical & electrical properties of PZT

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Abstract

Piezoelectric materials have been widely used for various applications like MEMS and energy harvesting. The PZT (PbZr0. 52Ti0.48O3) is one among of all piezoelectric materials, which exhibit vital role for fabrication of devices. The present manuscript is described about PZT powders, which were synthesized by solgel method and yielded powders were annealed at different temperature to get stabilized structure without any impurities phase with help of X-ray diffraction. As a part of structural investigation, Raman spectroscopy was done over the different temperature annealed powders and identify Raman active modes. The band gap energy was found for these nano powders that are increasing with respect to annealing temperature. The microstructure of nano PZT powders has found with help FESEM, which provided the particles size with order of 50–70 nm diameters. Electrical properties i.e., the P-E loop was done on nano PZT, polarization has increased and leakage current also increased for annealed temperatures. The terahertz spectra of PZT results suggested that the absorption coefficient peak are found at higher frequency, refractive index peak found lower frequency for annealed PZT samples. The 600 oC is shown maximum dielectric constant & refractive index at 0.6 THz, which is confirmed by the electric properties of PZT. As annealing temperature increases, dielectric and refractive index decreased due to depolarization.

Graphical Abstract

Fig. a XRD of PZT annealed at different temperatures. b Raman spectra of PZT annealed at different temperatures. c P-E loop of 700 0c annealed PZT. d Dielectric constant of PZT which is obtained from Terahertz spectra.

Highlights

  • PZT nano powders obtained from Solgel method.

  • Tetragonal structure found from the XRD and accordingly Raman modes assigned.

  • Energy gap of PZT increased with annealing temperature.

  • Electric polarization increased with annealing temperature.

  • Terahertz spectra provides refractive and dielectric constant, which decreased with frequency.

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Data availability

All data generated and analyzed during this study are included in this published article. The raw data can be provided if requested.

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank to Dr. Vasanth G Sathe & Dr. Uday Deshpande at UGC -DAE-CSR Indore for supporting Raman spectroscopy& FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy.

Author contributions

Conception and design of study: KY, KUK, and DD. Acquisition of data: KY, MN, VRR. Analysis and/or interpretation of data: KY, Drafting the manuscript: KY, KUK. Revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content: DD, AKC, DH and KY.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India

    K. Yadagiri, D. Dinakar, K. Uday Kumar & D. Haranath

  2. UGC-DAE- CSR, Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, India

    M. Nagaraju & A. K. Chaudhary

  3. ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    V. Raghavendra Reddy

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  1. K. Yadagiri
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Correspondence to K. Yadagiri.

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Yadagiri, K., Nagaraju, M., Reddy, V.R. et al. Terahertz based optical & electrical properties of PZT. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 109, 237–245 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06262-z

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