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Surface modification of SiO2-based methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the wettability effects through hierarchical structure

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials with surface modification for applications
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Silica-based methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) offers unique properties as an alternative material for hydrophobic surfaces. In this study, SiO2 obtained through the MTMS precursor with various concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) 0.75 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.25 wt% were prepared by sol-gel method to modify and improve a hydrophobic surface. With the addition of CTAB, particle sizes are more extensive, and peak diffractions shift to a lower angle according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching bonds. Then, the samples were coated on steel plate substrates by the dip-coating method. Based on atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis, surface roughness was larger because of the presence of CTAB. Furthermore, water contact angle (WCA) was measured to characterize hydrophobicity using distilled, deionized, and seawater media. The WCA of the samples was more significant with the increase of CTAB content. The sample dropped to seawater medium possesses the largest WCA with a magnitude of 126.1 ± 0.8°. Because the samples with CTAB content coated on steel plate substrates own hydrophobicity, they are useful for drag reduction application on the ship’s hull coating.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic illustration of the coating structure and the fabricated samples with different media such as distilled, deionized, and seawater.

Highlights

  • SiO2-based MTMS using CTAB modifications was synthesized by the sol-gel method.

  • Modified SiO2 was coated on a steel plate substrate with commercial paint by the dip-coating method.

  • The hydrophobicity of the samples was compared to the different concentrations of CTAB.

  • The water contact angle was measured by comparing different media such as distilled, deionized, and seawater.

  • The morphology obtained was spherical-like particles.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to acknowledge and give a great thank you to the Advanced Material Laboratorium Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) for supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

    Linda Silvia, Yuniar Mughayyirah,  Amilia,  Sudarsono, Mochamad Zainuri &  Darminto

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  1. Linda Silvia
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  2. Yuniar Mughayyirah
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  3. Amilia
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by LS, YM, Amilia, Sudarsono, MZ, and Darminto. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Darminto.

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Silvia, L., Mughayyirah, Y., Amilia et al. Surface modification of SiO2-based methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) on the wettability effects through hierarchical structure. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 108, 228–236 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06202-x

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