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Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of polypyrrole/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/GO ternary hybrid composites using spent Zn-C batteries

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology volume 105, pages 781–792 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

In this manuscript, ternary hybrid composites (PMG) have been synthesized via combination of polypyrrole (PPy), Mn-Zn ferrite (MZF) and graphite oxide (GO) components. The MZF was synthesized via acid leaching process of spent Zn-C batteries and green auto-combustion processes using different fuels. The in-situ polymerization process was then used to prepare the entire composites. XRD of ternary hybrids showed only broad peak characteristic of PPy without any indication for the MZF or GO suggesting the inclusion of MZF and GO into PPy matrix. In addition, the TEM images and EDS analysis exhibited that both MZF particles and GO layers are embedded and completely coated with PPy layers. FT-IR spectra of PMG composites indicated only identical bands to that of pure PPy. The very weak magnetic characters obtained using VSM further confirming the core-shell structure. TG curve of PMG ternary composite showed weight loss agrees well with the loss of all PPy and GO contents and confirms the weight ratio of MZF. It also showed that, the thermal stability of PPy was reduced by including in this entire composite attributed to the formed core-shell structure. An appropriate mechanism for the ternary hybrid composites formation was suggested and discussed. The electrical measurements exhibited constant behavior of conductivity by increasing temperature up to 420 K at which the dehydration and skeletal chain decomposition of both GO and PPy initiate. The GO does not greatly affected the conductivity due to the complete coating phenomena besides the pronouncing of PPy conductivity. Generally, the conductivities for all PMG composites are slightly dependent on the MZF preparation method and improved than that of pure PPy attributed to the presence of GO.

Graphical Abstract

Schematic diagram for the formation process of PPy/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/GO (PMG) composites via in-situ polymerization process.

Research highlights

  • Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 was prepared using spent Zn-C batteries using variety of auto-combustion methods.

  • PPy/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/GO (PMG) composites were prepared via in-situ polymerization.

  • An appropriate mechanism for the composites formation was suggested and discussed.

  • XRD indicated the complete coating of GO and MZF with the PPy matrix.

  • Effect of MZF preparation method on different properties could be neglected due to the coreshell structure formed.

  • Electrical measurements indicated that, GO does not greatly affected conductivity due tocomplete coating phenomena.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Gabal, E. A. Al-Harthy & Y. M. Al Angari

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

    M. A. Gabal & A. Awad

  3. Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    E. A. Al-Harthy & A. A. Al-Juaid

  4. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdu Saeed

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  1. M. A. Gabal
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Gabal, M.A., Al-Harthy, E.A., Al Angari, Y.M. et al. Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of polypyrrole/Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4/GO ternary hybrid composites using spent Zn-C batteries. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 105, 781–792 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06053-6

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Keywords

  • Zn-C batteries:
  • Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4
  • Polypyrrole
  • Graphite oxide
  • Sol-gel
  • Auto-combustion.