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Impregnation of Benzyl-L-cysteine into silica gel for the removal of cadmium(II) ion from water

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology volume 106, pages 246–264 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

The S-Benzyl-L-cysteine (BCys) has successfully been impregnated into the silica gel network using the sol-gel technique to form nanoscale hydrophobic SG-BCys particles (500–900 nm). The new material of the general formula SG-BCys has been fully characterized by SEM, ATR-IR, and PXRD. The FTIR spectra confirm the basic functional groups of siloxane (Si-O-Si), carboxylate (COO), and amine (-NH2) in the chemical structure of the new materials. The presence of new functional groups such as carboxyl and amine within the network SG-BCys is capable of adsorbing Cd2+ ions. The presence of a non-hydrophilic entity facing outside the network and a hydrophilic head facing inside the nk led to making the material float on the surface of the water easily and the formation of nanoscale SG-BCys particles. The impregnated material exhibits remarkably improved trapping of Cd2+ ions from water achieving 98% at a higher temperature of 55 °C, dosage = 2 g L−1, 80 rpm, Ci = 5 mg L−1, and pHi = 7. The sorption behavior of Cd2+ ion onto SG-BCys follows Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.9993). The sorption mechanism follows the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9918). The new material can be used for the removal of low-level Cd2+ ion concentrations from water.

Graphical Abstract

Impregnation of Benzyl-L-Cysteine into Silica Gel for The Removal of Cadmium(II) Ion from Water

Highlights

  • The S-Benzyl-L-cysteine (BCys) has successfully been impregnated into the silica gel network using the sol-gel method to form nanoscale hydrophobic SG-BCys particles.

  • The SEM confirms the accumulation of The newly SG-BCys material in the form of non-adherent spherical particles at the scale of 500–900 nanometers.

  • The characterized SG-BCys network shows the establishment.

  • The characterized new SG-BCys material shows the establishment of a hydrogen bond between the silica network and S-Benzyl-L-cysteine molecules.

  • The newly impregnated material exhibits remarkably improved trapping of Cd2+ ions from water achieving 98% at a higher temperature of 55 °C, dosage = 2 g L−1, 80 rpm, Ci = 5 mg L−1, and pHi = 7.

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Acknowledgements

The authors AKH and MAA would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research for the financial support through Jordan University of Science and Technology (Research grant # 20190401) and Mutah University (research grant # 343/2020).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mu’tah University, P.O. Box 7, 61710, Al-Karak, Jordan

    Mohammed A. Al-Anber

  2. Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Art and Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Ahmed K. Hijazi, Aya Al-Matarneh & Mo’tasem Al-Bayed

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

    Idrees F. Al-Momani

  4. Scientific Research and Innovation Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Amman, Jordan

    Wasim Alhalasah

Authors
  1. Mohammed A. Al-Anber
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  2. Ahmed K. Hijazi
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  3. Idrees F. Al-Momani
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  4. Aya Al-Matarneh
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  5. Mo’tasem Al-Bayed
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Contributions

MAA: The owner of the idea and the main supervisor of the work, formal analysis, conceptualization, data curation, validation, virtualization, and article writing. AKH: conceptualization, validation of methodology, and resources. IFA: sample analysis. AA: experimental work and methodology. MA: experimental work and methodology. WA participated in the article writing.

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Correspondence to Mohammed A. Al-Anber.

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Al-Anber, M.A., Hijazi, A.K., Al-Momani, I.F. et al. Impregnation of Benzyl-L-cysteine into silica gel for the removal of cadmium(II) ion from water. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 106, 246–264 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-06027-0

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Keywords

  • Silica gel
  • S-Benzyl-L-cysteine
  • Langmuir isotherm
  • Cadmium ion
  • Pseudo-second order