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Preparation of conductive Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 and Mn3O4 spinel mixture powders as positive active materials in rechargeable Mg batteries operative at room temperature

  • Invited Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for energy, environment and building applications
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Abstract

We prepared conductive mixtures of Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 and Mn3O4 spinels (CMO–MOs) as positive electrode active materials in rechargeable Mg batteries (RMBs) using a sol–gel complex polymerization method. The CMO–MO spinel mixtures with high specific surface areas above 100 m2 g−1 were obtained with mild calcination in Ar at 300 °C. The conductivity of CMO–MOs was estimated to be approximately 1000 times higher than that of a conventional MgMn2O4 (MMO) spinel powder. The discharge capacities evaluated using 2032-type coin-cell battery with a Mg-alloy negative electrode at room temperature increase with an increase in the specific surface area of the spinel powders. The specific surface area for providing the theoretical capacity of the conductive CMO–MOs was about one-third that of the insulative MMO. High specific surface area and high conductivity are key parameters for the positive active material to realize practical room-temperature operation of RMBs.

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Highlights

  • CuxMn3-xO4 (x = 1.3–1.5) and Mn3O4 (CMO–MOs) spinel mixtures with large specific surface areas of ~100 m2g−1 were successfully synthesized via the sol–gel polymerization method with low-temperature calcination below 500 °C in Ar.

  • The specific surface area for providing the theoretical capacity of conductive CMO–MOs was about one-third that of insulative MgMn2O4.

  • High specific surface area and the high conductivity are essential factors for a positive electrode active material in RMBs operated at room temperature.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Nobuhiko Nakano at Keio University for the measurement of the powder conductivity measurements with the digital multimeter. This work was supported by JST ALCA-APRING Grant Number JPMJAL1301 and Kato Foundation for promotion of Science (KS-3306).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan

    Hayato Takemitsu, Yoshihiro Hayashi, Hiroto Watanabe, Yuya Oaki & Hiroaki Imai

  2. Center for Advanced Battery Collaboration, Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan

    Toshihiko Mandai

  3. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan

    Shunsuke Yagi

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  1. Hayato Takemitsu
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Takemitsu, H., Hayashi, Y., Watanabe, H. et al. Preparation of conductive Cu1.5Mn1.5O4 and Mn3O4 spinel mixture powders as positive active materials in rechargeable Mg batteries operative at room temperature. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 104, 635–646 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05891-0

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