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History of ferroelectric materials prepared by sol-gel method

  • Review Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The history of sol-gel preparation of ferroelectric materials has been described. Around 1970, Schroeder’s review paper on solution-derived optical coating films, Mazdiyasni’s paper on fabrication of starting powders consisting of very fine, pure BaTiO3 crystals from metal alkoxides in solution, and Dislich’s paper on low temperature preparation of a multicomponent glass by hot-pressing gels derived from a mixture of metal alkoxides were published and opened the way to sol-gel preparation of ferroelectric materials. Fukushima et al. prepared BaTiO3 coatings by a sol-gel method from a mixture of Ba and Ti alkoxides in 1976. In the early and late 1980s, sol-gel preparation of ferroelectric materials continued. In these early works, researchers tried to find how to prepare crack-free and persistent coating films in which ferroelectric substances, such as BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 crystals, are precipitated. In the later 1980s, measurements of the ferroelectric properties of sol-gel materials aiming at improving the quality of the material, that is, substantial research on sol-gel-prepared materials started. Many researchers joined this area, reporting the results of measurements of ferroelectric properties of sol-gel prepared ferroelectric materials. In 2006, the Restrictions of Hazardous Substances (ROHS) was in force, and researchers tried to find lead-free ferroelectric materials and /or improve the quality of existing ferroelectric materials containing no lead, which replace, e.g., Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 known for its high performance. For this purpose, bismuth titanates were taken up, for instance. Around 2010, sol-gel preparation of multiferroic BiFeO3 emerged. A large number of papers concerning the sol-gel preparation of BiFeO3 and related materials were published in the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology and other journals, owing to strong scientific interests and applications. Besides multiferroic materials, research efforts seeking better ferroelectric properties were actively continued by examining the effects of chemical composition on ferroelectric properties. For example, ferroelectric materials based on bismuth titanates and alkali-niobates were studied.

P-E hysteresis loops of BLT thin films pre-annealed at 350–500 °C and annealed at 750 °C (Singh SK, Ishiwara M (2007) J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 42: 231–238).

Highlights

  • History of sol-gel derived ferroelectric materials.

  • Description is based on original papers by individual authors.

  • Sol-gel preparation process is stressed.

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    Sumio Sakka

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Sakka, S. History of ferroelectric materials prepared by sol-gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 101, 140–175 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05712-w

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