Abstract
The interest in core–shell materials with chemically tunable mesoporous surfaces has significantly grown in recent years. The main limitation to obtain these systems through sequential precipitation is the tuning of the core and shell sol-gel chemistry, which usually implies low concentrations and leads to high-quality colloids although in small quantities after a lengthy and costly process. Aerosol approaches can lead to faster production and easier separation of functional materials with well-defined architectures. We present a “green chemistry” general method to coat sub-micron colloidal particles with a variety of mesoporous metal oxide nanofilms via an aerosol synthesis technique. Different types of particulate supports with isotropic and anisotropic shapes were dispersed into the precursor solutions in order to synthesize a mesoporous shell keeping the shape of the support. We chose the synthesis of TiO2 and TiSiO4 nanofilms on conventional Stöber SiO2 spherical particles, and on anisotropic micronized mica particles as a case study. We used the commercial surfactant Pluronic® F127 as a porogen. The structure and composition of the obtained nanofilms were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, focused ion beam coupled to SEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The TiO2 shells obtained (with an anatase-like structure) have pore diameters between 3.9–4.8 nm depending on the support with film thicknesses of ~100 nm, while amorphous TiSiO4 shells have larger diameters (9.5–16 nm) with film thicknesses of between 50 and 200 nm depending on the support used. The method presented shows high reproducibility and, unlike batch methods, allows the continuous production and straightforward recovery of the materials.
Highlights
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An aerosol method for coating sub-micron particles with mesoporous metal oxide films is presented.
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Stöber SiO2 spherical particles or anisotropic micronized mica particles were used as substrates.
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The use of aqueous solutions represents an eco-friendly approach to the synthesis of nanomaterials.
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This method is straightforward and permits the easy production of core-mesoporous shell nanoparticles.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank financial support from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2015-3625, PICT 2015-3853, PICT Start Up 2017–4651, PICT 2017-0250, PUE2017-INFIQC, FSNANO 2010-007, PICT 2018-04236) and CONICET. We gratefully acknowledge M.C. Marchi (CMA, FCEN, UBA) for the SEM images and N. de Vicenzo for the TEM. GG is researcher in the FIB Microscopy Lab (INTI). MVL, AZ, EAF, and GJAAS-I are permanent research fellows of CONICET.
Funding
ANPCYT PICT 2015-3625, ANPCYT PICT 2015-3853, ANPCYT PICT Start Up 2017–4651, ANPCYT PICT 2017-0250, CONICET PUE2017-INFIQC, FSNANO 2010-007.
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Conceptualization: [Esteban Franceschini] [Galo Soler Illia]; Methodology: [Galo Soler Illia], [Andres Zelcer]; Formal analysis and investigation: [Esteban Franceschini] [M. Veronica Lombardo] [Gustavo Gimenez]; Data Analysis: [All authors]; Writing—original draft preparation: [Esteban Franceschini] [M. Veronica Lombardo]; Writing—review and editing: [All Authors]; Funding acquisition: [Galo Soler Illia] [Esteban Franceschini]; Resources: [Galo Soler Illia] [Esteban Franceschini]; Supervision: [Galo Soler Illia].
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Franceschini, E.A., Giménez, G., Lombardo, M.V. et al. Nanoencapsulation of isotropic and anisotropic particles through a green chemistry aerosol method: a scalable approach for ad-hoc surface tuning. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 102, 208–218 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05680-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05680-1