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Phosphotungestic acid supported mesoporous MCM-41 coated NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as highly effective green nanocatalysts for coumarin and xanthene synthesis

  • Original Paper: Nano-structured materials (particles, fibers, colloids, composites, etc.)
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Abstract

Phosphotungestic acid (PWA) supported on mesoporous MCM-41 coated NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared to be used as efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of coumarin and xanthene derivatives. The prepared catalysts can be easily recovered and reused for four times without significant decrease in the catalytic activity. The simple recovery of the catalyst is occurred by using an external magnet. The catalysts have notable advantages in addition to easily isolation process from the reaction medium such as easy preparation, simple procedures, high stability, well catalytic performance, low reaction time and green reaction conditions. These advantages make them very good heterogenous catalysts from an economic and environmental point of view. The catalysts were fully characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDS, TEM, XPS, and VSM analyses. XPS confirmed the presence of inverse cubic spinel phase of NiFe2O4 and the contribution of Fe(III) − O and Ni(II) − O bonds in tetrahedral (Th) and octahedral (Oh) sites. PWA was found to be well dispersed inside and outside the pores of MCM-41 and/or NF-MCM-41 that enhanced both the surface acidity and the catalytic activity. The catalyst 55 W/NF-MCM-41-II exhibited the highest acidity (Ei = 592.4 mV) and catalytic activity toward the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene (94.7%) and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (82.1%).

Highlights

  • Mesoporous MCM-41 coated NiF2O4 MNPs were prepared and loaded with different wt.% of PWA.

  • The XRD, SEM and TEM techniques confirmed the well dispersion of PWA nanoparticles inside and outside the pores of MCM-41 and/or NF-MCM-41.

  • The XPS analysis confirmed the presence of inverse cubic spinel phase of NiFe2O4 and the contribution of Fe(III) − O and Ni(II) − O bonds in tetrahedral (Th) and octahedral (Oh) sites.

  • 55 W/NF-MCM-41-II exhibited the highest acidity (Ei = 592.4 mV) and catalytic activity toward the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene (94.7%) and 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (82.1%).

  • The prepared catalysts can be easily recovered and reused many times.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    W. S. Abo El-Yazeed, O. R. Hayes & Awad I. Ahmed

  2. Department of chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia

    W. S. Abo El-Yazeed

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Abo El-Yazeed, W.S., Hayes, O.R. & Ahmed, A.I. Phosphotungestic acid supported mesoporous MCM-41 coated NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles as highly effective green nanocatalysts for coumarin and xanthene synthesis. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 99, 140–157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-021-05555-5

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