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A review on polyphosphate coacervates—structural properties and bioapplications

  • Review Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for biological and health (medical) applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

The coacervation process of Graham’s Salt Na(PO3)n enabled the preparation of polyphosphate coacervates (CPPs) by adding different metallic ions (Mn+), and/or low-molecular-weight solvents at a specific solution, which resulted in a phase separation. The more viscous phase is termed as CPP and the less viscous one is the supernatant. CPPs have been extensively studied in recent years as a glass precursor at room temperature. Preparation at room temperature allows the preservation of the physicochemical properties of a wide range of active principles that may be used in controlled drug-delivery systems. Despite the present limitations of CPPs in terms of high hygroscopicity, this vulnerability to water is considered one of the great advantages of this material regarding applications in the controlled release of drugs and tissue engineering. Thus, in the presence of water, CPPs will dissolve in calcium and phosphate ions, which are the major inorganic constituents of bone and hydroxyapatite (HAP). It is believed that, in contact with body fluids, CPPs will degrade and, as this process occurs, they will be replaced by HAP. Therefore, CPPs configure a potential biomaterial that offers excellent properties with a wide range of biomedical applications that will be discussed and reviewed in this paper, including the structural properties and the recent improvements of materials based on CPPs and related devices.

Highlights

  • The Polyphosphates Coacervates (CPPs) can be used as soft Glass-Materials precursors.

  • The coacervation process of polyphosphate solution enables the preparation of CPPs.

  • CPPs are biocompatible and allow the development of biomedical and pharmaceutical materials.

  • CPPs can be applied in drug delivery systems and radiopaque resorbable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to grants 2016/16900-9 and #2013/07793-6, São Paulo Research Foundation—FAPESP for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista—UNESP, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil

    Douglas F. Franco, Sidney J. L. Ribeiro & Marcelo Nalin

  2. School of Dentistry, UNESP, São Paulo State University, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil

    Hélida G. De Oliveira Barud & Osmir B. Oliveira Júnior

  3. BioSmart Nanotechnology LTDA, Av. Jorge Fernandes de Mattos, 311, Araraquara, SP, 14808-162, Brazil

    Hélida G. De Oliveira Barud

  4. Laboratório de Biopolímeros e Biomateriais (BioPolMat) e Centro Universitário de Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Hernane S. Barud & Andréia B. Meneguin

  5. Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular (NEEM), Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil

    Luiz Fernando C. de Oliveira & Maurício A. P. Silva

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Franco, D.F., De Oliveira Barud, H.G., Barud, H.S. et al. A review on polyphosphate coacervates—structural properties and bioapplications. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 94, 531–543 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05228-9

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