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Crystallisation process of Bi5Ti3FeO15 multiferroic nanoparticles synthesised by a sol–gel method

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
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Abstract

Phase-pure Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 nanoparticles were successfully prepared using a sol–gel method. Behaviours of crystallisation were characterised by XRD, DTA, FT-IR, Raman spectra and HRTEM. Mass spectrum was used to monitor the combustion products of all organics in the xerogel during calcination. An intermediate product, Bi2O2CO3, which blocks the generation of the pyrochlore phases, was confirmed by XRD patterns and IR spectra. Calculated by XRD data using the Debye–Scherrer method, the average grain size in powders calcinated at 500 °C was 17.7 nm and grew to 80.5 nm at 850 °C. The local symmetry connected to FeO6 octahedral was broken. The XRD refinement and XPS analyses inferred the valence increase of ferric ions. The maximum magnetisation of nanoparticles prepared at 850 °C was 4.2 emu/g. The field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) tests showed a wide range of the blocking temperature (T B) around 8–45 K answering for the lack of hump corresponding to the transition from superparamagnetism to blocking state.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant No. 51472063, 51772065 and 51621091).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China

    Hongjun Zhang, Hua Ke, Pengzhan Ying, Huijiadai Luo, Liwei Zhang, Wen Wang, Dechang Jia & Yu Zhou

  2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Structrual-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China

    Hongjun Zhang, Hua Ke, Pengzhan Ying, Huijiadai Luo, Liwei Zhang, Wen Wang, Dechang Jia & Yu Zhou

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  1. Hongjun Zhang
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  2. Hua Ke
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Correspondence to Hua Ke.

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Zhang, H., Ke, H., Ying, P. et al. Crystallisation process of Bi5Ti3FeO15 multiferroic nanoparticles synthesised by a sol–gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 85, 132–139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4530-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4530-9

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