Abstract
In this study, a simple approach was developed to prepare hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) sols via a one-step base-catalyzed sol–gel process using methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilicate as co-precursors. The prepared sols were suitable for large-area processing with ease of antireflective (AR) coating and being directly applicable without requiring any pre- or post-treatment. AR coatings were dip coated on K9 glasses from these sols. Furthermore, AR coatings were intrinsically hydrophobic with static water contact angles up to 126.5° on the smooth K9 glass. A particle growth mechanism of the hybrid HSNs was proposed, and the relationship between the microstructure of HSNs and the properties of AR coatings was investigated. These AR coatings with relatively excellent AR properties and improved moisture resistance were useful in solar cells, low-cost electronics, and optical devices.
Graphical Abstract
We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.
Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.
References
Zhang X, Lin M, Lin L, Zhuang M, Ye L, Yang W, Jiang B (2015) Sol–gel preparation of fluoro-containing ORMOSIL antireflective coating with resistance simultaneously to hydrophilic and oleophilic pollutants. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 74:698–706
Islam S, Bidin N, Haider Z, Riaz S, Naseem S, Saeed M, Marsin FM (2016) Sol-gel-based single and multilayer nanoparticle thin films on low-temperature substrate poly-methyl methacrylate for optical applications. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 77:396–403
Scheurell K, Kemnitz E, Garcia-Juan P, Eicher J, Lintner B, Hegmann J, Jahn R, Hofmann T, Löbmann P (2015) Porous MgF2 antireflective λ/4 films prepared by sol-gel processing: comparison of synthesis approaches. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 76:82–89
Li X, Gao J, Xue L, Han Y (2010) Porous polymer films with gradient-refractive-index structure for broadband and omnidirectional antireflection coatings. Adv Funct Mater 20:259–265
Zhang L, Qiao Z-A, Zheng M, Huo Q, Sun J (2010) Rapid and substrate-independent layer-by-layer fabrication of antireflection-and antifogging-integrated coatings. J Mater Chem 20:6125–6130
Karunakaran RG, Lu C-H, Zhang Z, Yang S (2011) Highly transparent superhydrophobic surfaces from the coassembly of nanoparticles (≤100 nm). Langmuir 27:4594–4602
San G, Vicente R, Bayón N, Germán A (2009) Morales, long-term durability of sol–gel porous coatings for solar glass covers. Thin Solid Films 517:3157–3160
Wongcharee K, Brungs M, Chaplin R, Hong Y, Pillar R, Sizgek E (2002) Sol–gel processing by aging and pore creator addition for porous silica antireflective coatings. J Sol Gel Sci Technol 25:215–221
Chi F, Yan L, Yan H, Jiang B, Lv H, Yuan X (2012) Ultralow-refractive-index optical thin films through nanoscale etching of ordered mesoporous silica films. Opt Lett 37:1406–1408
Wu G, Wang J, Shen J, Yang T, Zhang Q, Zhou B, Deng Z, Fan B, Zhou D, Zhang F (2000) A novel route to control refractive index of sol-gel derived nano-porous silica films used as broadband antireflective coatings. Mater Sci Eng B 78:135–139
Sermon PA, Vong MS, Bazin NJ, Badheka R, Spriggs D (1995) Recent developments in silica sol-gel antireflection (AR) coatings. In: Solid state lasers for application to Inertial confinement fusion (ICF). International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 464–474
Wheeler EK, McWhirter J, Whitman PK, Thorsness C, De Yoreo JJ, Thomas IM, Hester M (1999) Scatter loss from environmental degradation of KDP crystals, laser-induced damage in optical materials. Int Soc Opt Photonics 2000:451–459
Kim S, Cho J, Char K (2007) Thermally stable antireflective coatings based on nanoporous organosilicate thin films. Langmuir 23:6737–6743
Zhang Y, Zhao C, Wang P, Ye L, Luo J, Jiang B (2014) A convenient sol-gel approach to the preparation of nano-porous silica coatings with very low refractive indices. Chem Commun 50:13813–13816
Budunoglu H, Yildirim A, Bayindir M (2012) Flexible and mechanically stable antireflective coatings from nanoporous organically modified silica colloids. J Mater Chem 22:9671
Budunoglu H, Yildirim A, Guler MO, Bayindir M (2011) Highly transparent, flexible, and thermally stable superhydrophobic ORMOSIL aerogel thin films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:539–545
Yildirim A, Budunoglu H, Yaman M, Guler MO, Bayindir M (2011) Template free preparation of nanoporous organically modified silica thin films on flexible substrates. J Mater Chem 21:14830–14837
Yildirim A, Khudiyev T, Daglar B, Budunoglu H, Okyay AK, Bayindir M (2013) Superhydrophobic and omnidirectional antireflective surfaces from nanostructured ormosil colloids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:853–860
Cai S, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yan H, Lv H, Jiang B (2014) Sol-gel preparation of hydrophobic silica antireflective coatings with low refractive index by base/acid two-step catalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:11470–11475
Tao C, Yan H, Yuan X, Yin Q, Zhu J, Ni W, Yan L, Zhang L Detailed analysis and formation mechanism of superhydrophobic antireflective coatings with adjustable refractive index from trimethylsilanized silica nanoparticles. J Sol Gel Sci Technol. doi:10.1007/s10971-016-4056-6
Xu Y, Zhang L, Wu D, Sun YH, Huang ZX, Jiang XD, Wei XF, Li ZH, Dong BZ, Wu ZH (2005) Durable solgel antireflective films with high laser-induced damage thresholds for inertial confinement fusion. JOSA B 22:905–912
Yu S, Wong TK, Hu X, Pita K (2003) The effect of TEOS/MTES ratio on the structural and dielectric properties of porous silica films. J Electrochem Soc 150:F116–F121
Zhang J, Lan P, Li J, Xu H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zheng L, Lu Y, Dai N, Song W (2014) Sol–gel derived near-UV and visible antireflection coatings from hybridized hollow silica nanospheres. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 71:267–275
Guillemot F, Brunet-Bruneau A, Bourgeat-Lami E, Gacoin T, Barthel E, Boilot J-P (2010) Latex-templated silica films: tailoring porosity to get a stable low-refractive index. Chem Mater 22:2822–2828
Zhou G, He J, Gao L, Ren T, Li T (2013) Superhydrophobic self-cleaning antireflective coatings on Fresnel lenses by integrating hydrophilic solid and hydrophobic hollow silica nanoparticles. RSC Adv 3:21789–21796
Xu L, Gao L, He J (2012) Fabrication of visible/near-IR antireflective and superhydrophobic coatings from hydrophobically modified hollow silica nanoparticles and poly (methyl methacrylate). RSC Adv 2:12764–12769
Xu L, He J (2012) Fabrication of highly transparent superhydrophobic coatings from hollow silica nanoparticles. Langmuir 28:7512–7518
Tao C, Yan H, Yuan X, Yao C, Yin Q, Zhu J, Ni W, Yan L, Zhang L (2016) Synthesis of shape-controlled hollow silica nanostructures with a simple soft-templating method and their application as superhydrophobic antireflective coatings with ultralow refractive indices. Colloids Surf A 501:17–23
Yang W, Li B (2013) Facile fabrication of hollow silica nanospheres and their hierarchical self-assemblies as drug delivery carriers through a new single-micelle-template approach. J Mater Chem B 1:2525–2532
Wan Y, Yu S-H (2008) Polyelectrolyte controlled large-scale synthesis of hollow silica spheres with tunable sizes and wall thicknesses. J Phys Chem C 112:3641–3647
Du Y, Luna LE, Tan WS, Rubner MF, Cohen RE (2010) Hollow silica nanoparticles in UV-visible antireflection coatings for poly (methyl methacrylate) substrates. ACS Nano 4:4308–4316
Liu R, Xu Y, Wu D, Sun Y, Gao H, Yuan H, Deng F (2004) Comparative study on the hydrolysis kinetics of substituted ethoxysilanes by liquid-state 29Si NMR. J Non Cryst Solids 343:61–70
Dirè S, Tagliazucca V, Callone E, Quaranta A (2011) Effect of functional groups on condensation and properties of sol-gel silica nanoparticles prepared by direct synthesis from organoalkoxysilanes. Mater Chem Phys 126:909–917
Zhang XX, Cai S, You D, Yan LH, Lv HB, Yuan XD, Jiang B (2013) Template-free sol–gel preparation of superhydrophobic ORMOSIL films for double-wavelength broadband antireflective coatings. Adv Funct Mater 23:4361–4365
Hurd AJ, Rao SM (1995) Silica aerogel films prepared at ambient pressure by using surface derivatization to induce reversible drying shrinkage. Nature 374:30
Goswami D, Medda SK, De G (2011) Superhydrophobic films on glass surface derived from trimethylsilanized silica gel nanoparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:3440–3447
Thomas IM (1992) Method for the preparation of porous silica antireflection coatings varying in refractive index from 1.22 to 1.44. Appl Opt 31:6145–6149
Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61405180 and 51502274) and the Science and Technology Development Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No. 2015M572499).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tao, C., Yan, H., Yuan, X. et al. Sol–gel preparation of moisture-resistant antireflective coatings from novel hollow silica nanoparticles. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 80, 538–547 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4125-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4125-x