Abstract
A general and potentially easy method for synthesizing TiO2 ceramic foams presenting hierarchical architecture of meso and macropores is presented here. The ceramics foaming method is based on the integration of the sol–gel process with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant and oil droplets of isopropyl myristate (IPM) as dual pore templates. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ionic surfactant on the porous structure and specific surface area. The structural feature of these materials was characterized by analyzes of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen absorption/desorption isotherms, Hg porosimetry, He and Dried-Fluid® picnometers. Mercury intrusion porosimetry shows that SDS and IPM induce the formation of hierarchical structure composed of two families of pores, namely macro and mesopores. The relative population of each family and the average size of macropores could be finely tuned by adjusting the SDS quantity. In the presence of this surfactant, a single anatase crystalline phase was observed for titania foams fired at 600 °C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Noemi A, Yolanda C, Alicia D (2010) Appl Catal A 385:101–107
Kaneko EY, Pulcinelli SH, da Silva VT, Santilli CV (2002) Appl Catal A 235:71–78
Zhang ZP, Ito S, O’Regan B, Kuang DB, Zakeeruddin SM, Liska P, Charvet R, Comte P, Nazeeruddin MK, Pechy P, Humphry-Baker R, Koyanagi T, Mizuno T, Gratzel M (2007) Phys Chem (Muenchen, Ger.) 221:319–327
Demarne V, Balkanova S, Grisel A, Rosenfeld D, Levy F (1993) Sens Actuators B Chem 14:497–498
Sokolov S, Paul B, Ortel E, Fischer A, Kraehnert R (2011) Langmuir 27:1972–1977
Qing LW, Navaladian S, Stephen ER (2011) Langmuir 27:9557–9566
Carbajo MC, Maria C, Enciso E, Maria JT (2007) Colloids Surf A 293:72–79
Fengqiu T, Hiroshi F, Jianxin Z, Yoshio S (2003) Scr Mater 49:735–740
Soler-Illia GJAA, Louis A, Sanchez C (2002) Chem Mater 14:750–759
Santos EP, Santilli CV, Pulcinelli SH (2003) J Sol Gel Sci Technol 26:165–169
Backov R (2006) Soft Matter 2:452–464
Alves Rosa MA, Santos EP, Santilli CV, Pulcinelli SH (2008) J Non Cryst Solids 354:4786–4789
Martins L, Alves-Rosa MA, Pulcinelli SH, Santilli CV (2010) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 132:268–275
Calleja G, Serrano DP, Sanz R, Pizarro P, Garcia A (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res 43:2485–2492
Kim DS, Han SJ, Kwak SY (2007) J Colloid Interface Sci 316:85–91
Kaminski RCK, Pulcinelli SH, Judeinstein P, Meneau F, Briois V, Santilli CV (2010) J Phys Chem C 114:1416–1423
Klug HP, Alexander LE (1974) X-ray diffraction procedures. Wiley, New York
Gregg SJ, Sing KSW (1997) Adsorption, surface area and porosity. Academic Press Limited, London
Washburn EW (1921) Proc Natl Acad Sci 7:115–116
Pachoski C, Kornowski A, Weller H (2002) Angew Chem Int Ed 41:1188–1191
Santilli CV, Pulcinelli SH (1993) Cerâmica 259:11–16
Atanu M, Asim B, Bidyut KP (2008) Microporous Mesoporous Mater 109:66–72
Oaki Y, Kotachi A, Miura T, Imai H (2006) Adv Funct Mater 16:1633–1639
Mann S (2000) Angew Chem Int Ed 39:3392–3406
Davis ME (2002) Nature 417:813–821
Prakash SS, Brinker CJ, Hurd AJ, Rao SM (1995) Nature 374:439–443
Manaia EB, Kaminski RCK, Soares CP, Meneau F, Pulcinelli SH, Santilli CV, Chiavacci LA (2012) J Sol Gel Sci Technol. doi:10.1007/s10971-011-2673-7
Acknowledgments
This work has been financially supported by CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lins, R.F., Alves-Rosa, M.A., Pulcinelli, S.H. et al. Formation of TiO2 ceramic foams from the integration of the sol–gel method with surfactants assembly and emulsion. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 63, 224–229 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2700-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-012-2700-3