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Synthesis of dypnone by solvent free self condensation of acetophenone over nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia catalyst

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Abstract

Nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia catalyst, prepared by two-step sol–gel method, has been studied for the solvent free self condensation of acetophenone to dypnone. The influence of calcination temperature on the structural, textural and catalytic activity of sulfated zirconia has been analyzed. The surface acidity along with the structural and textural features of the catalyst influenced its activity. The conversion of acetophenone was found to be effected by the variation in the reaction and calcination temperature, however, the dypnone selectivity was not affected much. The catalyst calcined at 650 °C, showed maximum dypnone selectivity of 92% with 68.2% acetophenone conversion at 170 °C after 7 h. The catalyst was reused up to five cycles with marginal decrease in acetophenone conversion, however, without losing its selectivity for dypnone.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to CSIR Network Programme (NWP 0010) on Inorganic material for diverse application and to Analytical science discipline for catalyst characterization analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India

    K. Saravanan, Beena Tyagi & H. C. Bajaj

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  1. K. Saravanan
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  2. Beena Tyagi
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  3. H. C. Bajaj
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Correspondence to Beena Tyagi.

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Saravanan, K., Tyagi, B. & Bajaj, H.C. Synthesis of dypnone by solvent free self condensation of acetophenone over nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia catalyst. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 61, 275–280 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2624-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2624-3

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