Abstract
Bismuth silicate xBi2O3·(1 − x)SiO2 xerogels, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, doped with gadolinium have been synthesized by sol–gel method. The study aims to evidence by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) the structural changes in amorphous Bi2O3–SiO2 xerogels, function of Bi2O3 content and heat treatment. As was proved by XRD, nanostructured samples were obtained after 30 min heat treatment at 400 °C of the as-prepared samples with x > 0, in the mainly amorphous matrices nanocrystals of Bi5.6Si0.5O9.4 phase being developed. The dimension of the nanocrystallites are function of the bismuth content, and vary from few nanometers to 25 nm for samples with x = 0.14 and x = 0.5 respectively. The local order around silicon, reflected by 29Si MAS NMR spectra, is less dependent on both composition and thermal history of the samples, showing that an amorphous silicon rich phase is present in all samples. The changes in the local order around Gd3+ ions, as reflected by the EPR spectra dependence on composition and especially on the heat treatment, support the assumption that a part of these paramagnetic ions is incorporated in the bismuth rich phase.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Simon S, Todea M (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids 352:2947–2951
Todea M, Simon S, Simon V (2008) J Optoelectron Adv Mater 10:3336–3340
Ohura K, Ikenaga M, Nakamura T, Yamamuro T, Ebisawa Y, Kokubo T, Kotoura Y, Oka M (1991) J Appl Biomater 2:153–159
Dumbaugh WH, Lapp JC (1992) J Am Ceram Soc 75:2315–2325
Hazra S, Ghosh A (1995) Phys Rev B 51:851–856
Dimitriev Y, Mihailova VT (1990) J Mater Sci Lett 9:1251–1254
Hazra S, Mandal S, Ghosh A (1997) Phys Rev B 56:8021–8025
Stehle C, Vira C, Hogan D, Feller S, Affatigato M (1998) Phys Chem Glasses 39:83–86
Van Kirk SE, Martin SW (1992) J Am Ceram Soc 75:1028–1031
Dumbaugh WH (1978) Phys Chem Glasses 19:121–125
Reddy BR (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids 352:483–487
Kassab LRP, Del Cacho VD, Bell MJV, Messias DN, De Oliveira SL, Catunda T (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids 352:3647–3652
Venkateswara Rao P, Srinivasa Reddy M, Sudhakar KSV, Veeraiah N (2008) Philos Mag 88:1601–1614
Sun X-y, Huang S-m, Gong X-s, Gao Q-c, Ye Z-p, Cao C-y (2010) J Non-Cryst Solids 356:98–101
Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol-gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol-gel processing. Academic Press, Inc., New York
Gaudon A, Lallet F, Boulle A, Lecomte A, Soulestin B, Guinebretiere R, Dauger A (2006) J Non-Cryst Solids 352:2152–2158
Griscom DL (1980) J Non-Cryst Solids 40:211–272
Mootz D, Seidel R (1990) J Incl Phenom Macro Chem 8:139–157
Gattow G, Schroeder H (1962) Z Anorg Allg Chem 318:176–189
Sooraj Hussain N, Prabhakara Reddy Y, Buddhudu S (2001) Mater Res Bull 36:1813–1821
Nicklin RC, Johnstone JK, Barnes RG, Wilder DR (1973) J Chem Phys 59:1652–1668
Cugunov L, Kliava J (1982) J Phys C Solid State 15:L933–L936
Iton LE, Brodbeck CM, Suib SL, Stucky GD (1983) J Chem Phys 79:1185–1196
Brodbeck CM, Iton LE (1985) J Chem Phys 83:4285–4299
Legein C, Buzare JY, Silly G, Jacoboni C (1996) J Phys Condens Matter 8:4339–4350
Kliava J, Edelman IS, Potseluyco AM, Petrakovskaja EA, Berger R, Bruckental I, Yeshurun Y, Malakhovskii AV, Zarubina TV (2003) J Phys Condens Matter 15:6671–6681
Simon S, Udvar AD (2010) J Am Ceram Soc 93:2760–2763
Kliava J, Edelman I, Potseluyko A, Petrakovskaja E, Berger R, Bruckental I, Yeshurun Y, Malakhovskyi A, Zarubina T (2004) J Magn Magn Mater 272–276:E1647–E1649
Kliava J, Malakhovskii A, Edelman I, Potseluyko A, Petrakovskaja EA, Melnikova S, Zarubina T, Petrovskii G, Bruckental Y, Yeshurun Y (2005) Phys Rev B 71:104406
Zhang P, Grandinetti PJ, Stebbins JF (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:4004–4008
Massiot D, Fayon F, Kapron M, King I, Le Calve S, Alonso B, Durand J-O, Bujoli B, Gan Z, Hoatson G (2002) Magn Reson Chem 40:70–76
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge support from CNCSIS Romania, under PN II IDEI 566/2007 project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ponta, O., Mocuta, H., Vasilescu, M. et al. Structural characterization of amorphous and nanostructured bismuth silicate xerogels. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 58, 530–534 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2423-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2423-x