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In situ silica reinforcement of natural rubber by sol–gel process via rubber solution

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Abstract

The in situ silica filling of natural rubber (NR) was carried out via the sol–gel reaction using tetraethoxysilane. The effect of the in situ silica content on the curing, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the composite vulcanizate materials was investigated in comparison to that with a commercial silica preparation. The Mooney viscosity of the in situ silica filled NR vulcanizates showed a lower value compared with that of the commercial filled ones. The mechanical properties of the in situ silica composite materials, i.e., the moduli and compression set, were improved compared with the commercial silica filler NR vulcanizates. The reinforcement effect of in situ silica did not accord with the Smallwood equation but in contrast was in good agreement with the Guth and Gold equation using a shape factor (f) which itself was in close agreement with estimates derived from independent TEM analysis. The pseudo-network structure of the in situ silica was low, which resulted in a lower storage modulus at 25 °C. By filling NR with in situ silica, the thermal properties of the composite vulcanized material were also improved, and well dispersed in situ silica particles within the NR matrix were also observed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the 90th anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund No. GDNS51-061-23-004), the Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals, and Advanced Materials, (NCE-PPAM), and the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Program of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Benjawan Chaichua

  2. Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Pattarapan Prasassarakich & Sirilux Poompradub

  3. Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Pattarapan Prasassarakich & Sirilux Poompradub

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  1. Benjawan Chaichua
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  2. Pattarapan Prasassarakich
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  3. Sirilux Poompradub
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Correspondence to Sirilux Poompradub.

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Chaichua, B., Prasassarakich, P. & Poompradub, S. In situ silica reinforcement of natural rubber by sol–gel process via rubber solution. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 52, 219–227 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-2019-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-009-2019-x

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