Abstract
A method to synthesize porous hydroxyapatite (HA) structures at a low temperature was investigated in this study. Polyaphrons, a class of high-internal-phase-ratio emulsions were used as the shape-directing template for the sol-gel reactions that facilitated the formation of the structures. Electron micrographs revealed a three dimensional porous structure with pore sizes in the range of 1–5 microns. X-ray diffraction images showed that the hydroxyapatite structure formed after treatment at 400°C matched exactly with commercial HA spectra indicating that the phase transformation was complete. IR spectra of the samples confirm the formation of the structural components characteristic of commercial HA.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.Z. LeGeros and J.P. LeGeros, in An Introduction to Bioceramics: Dense Hydroxyapatite, edited by L. Hench and J. Wilson (World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 1993), p. 139.
E.C. Shors and R.E. Holmes, in An Introduction to Bioceramics: Porous Hydroxyapatite, edited by L. Hench and J. Wilson (World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 1993), p. 181.
M. Wang, in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering: Bioactive Materials and Processing, edited by D. Shi (Springer Publishers, New York, 2004), p. 3.
K. de Groot, in Bioceramics of Calcium Phosphate: Ceramic of Calcium Phosphates: Preparation and Properties, edited by K. de Groot (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1983), p. 100.
W. Hubbard, Physiological Calcium Phosphates as Orthopedic Biomaterials. Ph.D. Thesis, Marquette University (1974).
B.V. Rejda, J.G.J. Peelen, and K.de Groot, J. Bioengg. 1, 93.
C.P. Klein, P. Patka, and W. den Hollander, Biomaterials 10, 59 (1989).
D.M. Liu and J.J. Brown, Mater. Chem. Phys. 32, 161 (1992).
M. Fabbri, G.C. Celotti, and A. Ravaglioli, Biomaterials 16, 225 (1995).
A.F. Lemos and J.M.F. Ferreira, Key Engg. Mater. 254, 254 (2004).
A. Almirall, G. Larrecq, J.A. Delgado, S. Martinez, M.P. Ginebra, and J.A. Planell, Biomaterials 25, 3671 (2004).
S. Mann, S.L. Burkett, S.A. Davis, C.E. Fowler, N.H. Mendelson, S.D. Sims, D. Walsh, and N. Whilton, Chem. Mater. 9, 2300 (1997).
G.C. Koumoulidis, A.P. Katsoulidis, A.K. Lavados, P.J. Pomonis, C.C. Trapalis, A.T. Sdoukos, and T.C. Vaimikis, J. Colloid, Interface Sci. 259, 254 (2003).
M.G.S. Murray, J. Wang, C.B. Ponton, and P.M. Marquis, J. Mater. Sci. 30, 3061 (1995).
C. Zhang, K.T. Valsaraj, W.D. Constant, and D. Roy, Sep. Sci. Technol. 31, 1059 (1996).
F. Sebba, Foams and Biliquid Foams (Wiley, New York, NY, 1987).
O. Sonneville-Aubrun, V. Bergeron, V. Gulik-Krzyucki, B. Jonson, H. Wennerstrom, P. Lindner, and B. Cabane, Langmuir 16, 1566 (2001).
K.T. Valsaraj and R. Ravikrishna, Curr. Top. Colloid Sci. 6, 61 (2003).
R. Ravikrishna, R. Green, and K.T. Valsaraj, J. Sol-gel Sci. Technol. 34, 111 (2005).
D.M. Liu, T. Troczynski, and W.J. Tseng, Biomaterials 22, 1721 (2001).
T.J. Overbeek, Surfact. Sol. 11, 3 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ravikrishna, R., Ren, M. & Valsaraj, K.T. Low-temperature synthesis of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds using polyaphron templates. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 38, 203–210 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-006-6472-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-006-6472-5