Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measurements of 232Th(n,2n) 231Th reaction cross-sections in the neutron energy of 12–18.5 MeV

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

At the 3MV tandem accelerator of Sichuan University, monoenergetic neutrons were generated through the T(d,n)4He reaction by bombarding a Tritium–Titanium (T–Ti) target with a 2 MeV deuterium beam. The neutron activation method and offline gamma-ray spectroscopy were utilized to measure the cross sections of the 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction at neutron energies of 12.49 ± 0.33 MeV, 16.38 ± 0.60 MeV, and 18.10 ± 0.23 MeV. Factors such as neutron scattering, neutron flux fluctuation, cascade coincidence effects in gamma-ray measurements, and gamma-ray self-absorption were analytically corrected. The TALYS-1.9 program was used to calculate the reaction cross sections of 232Th(n,2n)231Th within the 6–20 MeV neutron energy range. The experimental data were compared and analyzed against existing experimental data, evaluated data from CENDL-3.2, ENDF/B-VIII, JENDL-5, ROSFONDR-2010 and theoretical values computed by TALYS-1.9.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author (Jun Zeng), upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Zhan WL, Xu HS (2012) Future advanced nuclear fission energy —ADS transmutation system. Bull Chin Acad Sci 27(03):375–381 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  2. Carminati F, Klapisch R, Revol JP, Roche Ch, Rubio JA, RubbiaAn C (1993) Energy amplifier for cleaner and inexhaustible nuclear energy production driven by particle beam accelerator. CERN Report No. CERN/AT/93-47 (ET)

  3. Bowman CD (1998) Accelerator-driven systems for nuclear waste transmutatio. Annu Rev Nucl Part Sci 48(1):505–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jiang MH, Xu HJ, Dai ZM (2012) Advanced fission energy program-TMSR nuclear energy system. Bull Chin Acad Sci 27:366–374 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  5. Karkera M, Naik H, Punchithaya S et al (2018) Measurement and covariance analysis of 232 Th (n, 2n) 231 Th reaction cross sections at the effective neutron energies of 8.97 and 16.52 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 318:1893–1900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Prajapati PM, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV et al (2012) Measurement of the neutron capture cross-sections of 232Th at 5.9 MeV and 15.5 MeV. Eur Phys J A 48:35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lan CL, Xie BL, Zhang K et al (2015) Measurement of 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 14.1 MeV and 14.8 MeV using neutron activation method. Nucl Sci Tech 26(06):102–105

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mukerji S, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV et al (2012) Measurement of 232 Th (n, γ) and 232 Th (n,2n) cross-sections at neutron energies of 13.5, 15.5 and 17.28 MeV using neutron activation techniques. Pramana 79:249–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Reyhancan IA (2011) Measurements and model calculations of activation cross sections for 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction between13.57 and 14:83 MeV neutrons. Ann Nucl Energy 38:2359–2362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Naik H, Surayanarayana SV, Bishnoi S et al (2015) Neutron induced reaction cross-section of 232 Th and 238 U at the neutron energies of 2.45 and 14.8 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303:2497–2504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Naik H, Prajapati PM, Surayanarayana SV et al (2011) Measurement of the neutron capture cross-section of 232Th using the neutron activation technique. Eur Phys J A 47:51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Karamanis D, Andriamonje S, Assimakopoulos PA et al (2003) Neutron cross-section measurements in the Th-U cycle by the activation method. Nucl Instrum Meth A 505:381–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chatani H, Kimura I (1992) Measurement of the 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction cross section with 14.5 MeV neutrons. Ann Nucl Energy 19:425–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Karius H, Ackermann A, Scobel W (1979) The pre-equilibrium contribution to the (n, 2n) reactions of 232Th and 238U. J Phys G: Nucl Phys 5(5):715

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Karius H, Ackermann A, Scobel W (1979) The pre-equilibrium contribution to the (n,2n) reactions of 232Th and 238U. J Phys G Nucl Phys 5:5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Butler JP, Santry DC (1961) 232Th(n, 2n)231Th cross section from threshold to 20.4 MEV. Canadian J Chem 39(3):689–696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Raics P, Daroczy S, Csikai J et al (1985) Measurement of the cross sections for the 232Th (n, 2n) 231 Th reaction in the 6.745 to 10.450 MeV energy range. Phys Rev C 32(1):87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Karkera M, Naik H, Punchithaya S et al (2018) Measurement and covariance analysis of 232Th(n, 2n)231Th reaction cross sections at the effective neutron energies of 8.97 and 16.52 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 318:1893–1900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Karkera M, Yerraguntla SS, Punchithaya S et al (2019) Measurement and covariance analysis of 232Th(n, 2n)231Th reaction cross section. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 322:817–825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rita Crasta H, Naik SVS et al (2012) Measurement of the 232Th(n, γ)233Th and 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 8.04±0.30 and 11.90±0.35MeV. Ann Nucl Energy 47:160–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Iskender Atilla Reyhancan (2011) Measurements and model calculations of activation cross sections for 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction between 13.57 and 14.83MeV neutrons. Ann Nuclear Energy 38(11):2359–2362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chatani H, Kimura I (1992) Measurement of the 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction cross section with 14.5 MeV neutrons. Ann Nuclear Energy 19(8):425–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kahler AC, Smith DL, Pritychenko B, Arbanas G, Arcilla R, Brewer R (2011) ENDF/B-VIII. 0 nuclear data for science and technology: cross sections, covariances, fission product yields and decay data. Nucl Data Sheets 112:2887–2996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zabrodskaya SV, Ignatyuk AV, Koshcheev VN, Manochin VN, Nikolaev MN, Pronyaev VG, Others, (2007) ROSFOND–Russian National Library of Evaluated Neutron Data. Vopr At Nauk Tekhn Ser Yad Konst 1(2007):3–21

    Google Scholar 

  25. Osamu I et al (2023) Japanese evaluated nuclear data library version 5: JENDL-5. J Nucl Sci Technol 60(1):1–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ge Z, Xu R, Wu H, et al (2020) CENDL-3.2: The new version of Chinese general purpose evaluated nuclear data library. EPJ Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences. 239: 09001

  27. NuDat3.0, National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/

  28. Luo XB, Xia YJ, Long GX (1992) Correction of cascade coincidence effects in γ intensity measurements. Nuclear Tech 1992(07):428–435 ((in Chinese))

    Google Scholar 

  29. Huang X (2007) Nuclear data sheets for A = 196. Nucl Data Sheets 108:1093–1286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Singh B, Tuli JK, Browne E (2022) Nuclear structure and decay data for A= 231 isobars. Nucl Data Sheets 185:560–830

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. Reuss (2012) Neutron physics, EDP sciences

  32. JH Zhang, YC Xiang, GC Hu, et al (2014) High-low position transition method for calibrating detector surface position efficiency. Proceedings of the 17th National Conference on Nuclear Electronics and Nuclear Detection Technology

  33. Trkov A, Griffin PJ, Simakov SP et al (2020) IRDFF-II: a new neutron metrology library. Nucl Data Sheets 163:1–108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. MJ Berger, JH Hubbell, SM Seltzer, J Chang, JS Coursey, R Sukumar, DS Zucker, K Olsen (2010) XCOM: photon cross sections database, NIST standard reference database (XGAM) https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/indx_dec.jsp

  35. Otuka N, Lalremruata B, Khandaker MU et al (2017) Uncertainty propagation in activation cross section measurements. Radiat Phys Chem 140:502–510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Koning A, Rochman D (2012) Modern nuclear data evaluation with the TALYS code system. Nucl Data Sheets 113:2841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.12105265) and the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data foundation (grant No.6142A08200104).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China

    Jiajun Zhu, Xiaobing Luo, Wenxuan Yan, Qian Ye & Dongmei Luo

  2. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China

    Jun Zeng

Authors
  1. Jiajun Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Zeng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiaobing Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wenxuan Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qian Ye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Dongmei Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Zeng.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhu, J., Zeng, J., Luo, X. et al. Measurements of 232Th(n,2n) 231Th reaction cross-sections in the neutron energy of 12–18.5 MeV. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 333, 2461–2471 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-024-09463-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-024-09463-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation