Abstract
The mitigation rate (Rj) was evaluated for Ra-226 in cultivated soil in twelve fields in Vietnam. For the collected soils, the Rj values were between 0.1 and 0.58 Bq kg−2 y−1 with an average value of 0.28 Bq kg−2 y−1. The influence of the physicochemical properties of soil and cultivation characteristics on the rate of Ra-226 was considered. A strong correlation was found between the soil-to-plant factors (TF) and the uptake rates of plants (Ru) (Pearson coefficient |p|> 0.6). The leaching rate (Rℓ) in the surface soil correlates with some physical–chemical properties of soil such as the partition coefficient of Ra-226 in soil (Kd), infiltration rate of water (Rw), and activity concentration of Ra-226 in soil water (Cw) (|p|> 0.6).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
UNSCEAR (2000) UNSCEAR 2000 report Vol. I. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Annex B: exposures from natural radiation source. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, New York.
Georg S, Alexander B, Thomas EJ (2014) Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents: a review of the environmental impacts. Sci Total Environ 470–471:800–817
Taylor MD (2007) Accumulation of uranium in soils from impurities in phosphate fertilisers. Landbauforschung Volkenrode 2:133–139
Schipper LA, Sparling GP, Fisk LM, Dodd MB, Power IL, Littler RA (2011) Rates of accumulation of cadmium and uranium in a New Zealand hill farm soil as a result of long-term use of phosphate fertilizer. Agric Ecosyst Environ 144:95–101
Schnug E, Haneklaus N (2014) Uranium in Phosphate Fertilizers – Review and Outlook. Conference paper. Uranium—Past and Future Challenges 123–130. Uranium in Phosphate Fertilizers—Review and Outlook.
Nguyen VT, Vu NB, Huynh NPT, Le CH (2019) ‘Time to crop’ for 137Cs in the surface soil and its long-term effects to population based on model assessment. Geoderma 41:100–110
Corcho-Alvarado JA, Balsiger B, Sahli H, Astner M, Byrde F, Rollin S, Holzer R, Mosimann N, Wüthrich S, Jakob A, Burger M (2016) Long-term behavior of 90Sr and 137Cs in the environment: case studies in Switzerland. J Environ Radioact 160:54–63
Ahmad AY, Al-Ghouti MA, AlSadig I, AlSadig I, Mohammed AD (2019) Vertical distribution and radiological risk assessment of 137Cs and natural radionuclides in soil samples. Sci Rep 9:12196
Nguyen VT, Huynh NPT, Le CH (2020) Accumulation rates of natural radionuclides (40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th) in topsoils due to long-term cultivations of water spinach (Ipomoea Aquatica Forssk.) and rice (Oryza Sativa L.) based on model assessments: a case study in Dong Nai province. J Environ Manage 271:111001
IAEA (2010) Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Technical reports series No. 472. IAEA, Vienna
de Meeus C, Eduljee GH, Hutton M (2002) Assessment and management of risks arising from exposure to cadmium in fertilisers. Sci Total Environ 291:167–187
Vandenhove H, Olyslaegers G, Sanzharova N, Shubina O, Reed E, Shang Z, Velasco H (2009) Proposal for new best estimates of the soil-to-plant transfer factor of U, Th, Ra, Pb and Po. J Environ Radioact 100:721–732
Qian X, Wang Z, Shen G, Chen TZ, Guo C, Gu H, Fu K (2018) Heavy metals accumulation in soil after 4 years of continuous land application of swine manure: a field-scale monitoring and modeling estimation. Chemosphere 210:1029–1034
USDA (2017). Soil survey manual Soil Survey Division Staff; Soil Conservation Service Handbook, vol 18. United States Department of Agriculture (chapter 3).
ASTM (2020) ASTM D 2974—Standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and organic soils. American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania
Truong THL, Vu NB, Nguyen QD, Nguyen NA, Mai TM, Truong HNT, Huynh TYH, Nguyen VT, Truong MH (2018) Estimation of soil characteristics based on the depth distributions of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K activity concentrations using laboratory HPGe gamma spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 318:1931–1938
Thien BN, Ba VN, Vy NTT, Loan TTH (2020) Estimation of the soil to plant transfer factor and annual effective dose due to ingestion of food crops in Ho Chi Minh city. Vietnam Chemosph 259:127432
ISO (2005) Measurement of radioactivity in the environment—Soil—Part 1: General guidelines and definitions. ISO 18589–1:2019
Peacock S, Anderson H (1994) Sulphate adsorption processes: a laboratory manipulation study. In: Jenkins A, Ferrier RC, Kirby C (Eds.), Ecosystem Manipulation Reports: Scientific Approaches, Experimental Design and Relevant Results (Ecosystems research report No. 20). Bowness-on-Windemere, pp 150–152
USEPA (1992) Batch-type procedures for estimating soil adsorption of chemicals, technical resource document, EPA/530-SW-87-006-F. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Mostafa MYA, Kadhim NF, Ammer H, Baqir Y (2021) The plant transfer factor of natural radionuclides and the soil radiation hazard of some crops. Environ Monit Assess 193:320
Al-Hamarneh IF, Alkhomashi N, Almasoud FI (2016) Study on the radioactivity and soil-to-plant transfer factor of 226Ra, 234U and 238U radionuclides in irrigated farms from the northwestern Saudi Arabia. J Environ Radioact 160:1–7
Sheppard S, Sohlenius G, Omberg L, Borgiel M, Grolander S, Nordén S (2011) Solid/liquid partition coefficients (Kd) and plant/soil concentration ratios (CR) for selected soils, tills and sediments at Forsmark. Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB) Stockholm.
Huy NQ, Hien PD, Luyen TV, Hoang DV, Hiep HT, Quang NH, Long NQ, Nhan DD, Binh NT, Hai PS, Ngo NT (2012) Natural radioactivity and external dose assessment of surface soils in Vietnam. Radiat Protect Dosimetry 151:522–531
Acknowledgements
This research is funded by University of Science, VNU-HCM under grant number T2022-42
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
VTN: Radioactivity analysis; Manuscript preparation, NPTH, TYHH: Sample collection; Manuscript preparation, CHL, HNTT: Simulation; Language editing; Project manager.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Nguyen, V.T., Huynh, T.Y.H., Truong, H.N.T. et al. Mitigation of radium-226 in agricultural soils and influence of soil-to-plant transfer factor and physical–chemical properties of soil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 333, 2155–2162 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-024-09423-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-024-09423-8