Skip to main content
Log in

Redistributions of NORMs in and around a gas-field (Shabazpur, Bangladesh): radiological risks assessment

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To study the potential redistributions of NORMs from gas-wells to ambient-environment in and around gas-field and to evaluate affiliated radiological-risks, a suite of systematically collected samples were measured by HPGe-detector. Radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in gas-well samples are 60 ± 13, 94 ± 14, 2200 ± 400 Bq kg−1 whereas in environmental samples they are 40 ± 9, 73 ± 11, 873 ± 180 Bq kg−1, respectively. Surface-soil possesses higher NORMs compared to the corresponding subsurface-soil which demonstrated technogenic incorporation of NORMs. Distribution of NORMs in ambient environment are controlled by several natural and anthropogenic factors. Evaluation of radiological indices suggests considerable risks and invoke routine monitoring of radiation in and around gas-fields.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  1. Attallah MF, Awwad NS, Aly HF (2012) Environmental radioactivity of TE-NORM waste produced from petroleum industry in Egypt. Rev Charact Treat. https://doi.org/10.5772/CHAPTERDOI

  2. Habib MA, Basuki T, Miyashita S, Bekelesi W, Nakashima S, Phoungthong K, Khan R, Rashid MB, Islam ARMT, Techato K (2019) Distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil around a coal-based power plant and their potential radiological risk assessment. Radiochim Acta 107(3):243–259. https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Habib MA, Basuki T, Miyashita S, Bekelesi W, Nakashima S, Techato K, Khan R, Majlis ABK, Phoungthong K (2019) Assessment of natural radioactivity in coals and coal combustion residues from a coal-based thermoelectric plant in Bangladesh: implications for radiological health hazards. Environ Monit Assess 191:27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7160-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Habib MA, Khan R (2021) Environmental impacts of coal-mining and coal-fired power-plant activities in a developing country with global context. Springer Nature Switzerland AG Spatial modeling and assessment of environmental contaminants (Chapter 24). Environmental challenges and solutions. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63422-3_24

  5. Khan R, Parvez MS, Jolly YN, Haydar MA, Alam MF, Khatun MA, Sarker MMR, Habib MA, Tamim U, Das S, Sultana S, Islam MA, Naher K, Paul D, Akter S, Khan MHR, Nahid F, Huque R, Rajib M, Hossain SM (2019) Elemental abundances, natural radioactivity and physicochemical records of a southern part of Bangladesh. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag 12:100225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kumar S, Islam ARMT, Islam HMT, Hasanuzzaman M, Ongoma V, Khan R.,Mallick J (2021) Water resources pollution associated with risks of heavy metals from Vatukoula Goldmine, region, Fiji. J Environ Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112868

  7. Al Nabhani K, Khan F, Yang M (2015) Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials in oil and gas production. A silent killer. Process Saf Environ Protect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2015.09.014

  8. Ahsan MA, Satter F, Siddique MAB, Akbor MA, Shamim A, Shajahan M, Khan R (2019) Chemical and physicochemical characterization of effluents from the tanning and textile industries in Bangladesh with multivariate statistical approach. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7654-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. International Energy Agency (2019) Global Energy Demand Grew by 2.1% in 2017, and Carbon Emissions Rose for the First Time since 2014. Available from https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2018/march/global-energy-demand-grew-by-21-in-2017-andcarbon-emissions-rose-for-the-firs.html. (Accessed 21 January 2019)

  10. Shetol MH, Rahman MM, Sarder R, Hossain M, Riday I (2019) Present status of Bangladesh gas fields and future development. A review. J Nat Gas Geosci 4:347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnggs.2019.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jonkers G, Hartog FA, Knaepen AAI, Lancee PFJ (1997) Characterization of NORM in the oil and gas production (E&P) industry, radiological problems with natural radioactivity in the non-nuclear industry. In: Proceeding international symposium KEMA, Amsterdam , pp 23–47

  12. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) (2004) Radiation and waste safety in the oil and gas industry. IAEA-Safety Report No 34

  13. Begum M, Khan R, Roy DK, Habib MA, Rashid MB, Naher K, Islam MA, Tamim U, Das SC, Mamun SMMA, Hossain SM (2021) Geochemical characterization of Miocene core sediments from Shahbazpur gas-wells (Bangladesh) in terms of elemental abundances by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07770-4

  14. Smith AL (1987) Radioactive-scale formation. J Petrol Technol 697–706

  15. API (American Petroleum Institute) (1992) Bulletin on management of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in oil and gas production, API Bulletin. E2, Washington, DC

  16. Rood AS (1998) In: 29th midyear topical meeting of the Health Physics Society, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA

  17. Shawky S, Amer H, Nada AA, Abd El-Maksoud TR, Ibrahim NM (2001) Characteristics of NORM in the oil industry from eastern and western desert of Egypt. Appl Radiat Isot 55:133–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Al-Masri MS, Suman H (2003) NORM waste in the oil and gas industry: the Syrian experience. J Radio Anal Nuclear Chem 256:159–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hamlat MS, Kadi H, Fellag H (2003) Precipitate containing norm in the oil industry: modelling and laboratory experiments. Appl Radiat Isot 59:95–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Omar M, Ali HM, Abu MP, Kontol KM, Ahmad Z, Ahmad SHSS, Sulaiman I, Hamzah R (2004) Distribution of radium in oil and gas Industry wastes from Malaysia. Appl Radiat Isot 60:779–782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. El Afifi EM, Awwad NS (2005) Characterization of the TE-NORM waste associated with oil and natural gas production in Abu Rudeis, Egypt. J Environ Radioact 82:7–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gazineu MHP, de Arau´jo AA, Brand~ao YB, Hazin CA, GodoydeO. JM (2005) Radioactivity concentration in liquid and solid phases of scale and sludge generated in the petroleum industry. J Environ Radioact 81:47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Parmaksız A, Agus¸ Y, Bulgurlu F, Bulur E, Yıldız Ç, €Oncü T (2013) Activity concentrations of 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K radionuclides in refinery products and additional radiation dose originated from oil residues in Turkey. Radiat Prot Dosim 156:481–488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Al-Masri MS, Ali AF, Kitou M, Kawash A (1997) Determination of naturally occurring radionuclides in scales produced in the oil industry. Rep AECS-PR/ RSS, Damascus

    Google Scholar 

  25. Al-Saleh FS, Al-Harshan GA (2008) Measurements of radiation level in petroleum products and wastes in Riyadh City refinery. J Environ Radioact 99:1026–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.12.002

  26. Parmaksız A, Agus¸ Y, Bulgurlu F, Bulur E, Oncu T, Ozkok YO (2015) Measurement of enhanced radium isotopes in oil production wastes in Turkey. J Environ Radioact 141:82–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.12.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hrichi H, Baccouche S, Belgaied JE (2013) Evaluation of radiological impacts of tenorm in the Tunisian petroleum industry. J Environ Radioact 115:107–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ali KK, Ibraheem DB (2017) Radiological hazard Assessment Due to Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Production Industry–East Baghdad oil field. Iraqi J Sci 58(1A):115–126

    Google Scholar 

  29. Taheri A, Taheri A, Fathivand AA, Mansouri N (2019) Risk assessment of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the hydrocarbon sludge extracted from the south pars gas field in Iran. Process Saf Environ Prot 125:102–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bakr WR (2010) Assessment of the radiological impact of oil refining industry. J Environ Radioact. 101:237–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Darko EO, Kpeglo DO, Akaho EHK, Schandof C, Adu PAS, Faanu A, Abankwah E, Lawluvi H.,Awudu AR (2012) Radiation doses and hazards from processing of crude oil at the tema oil refinery in Ghana. Radiat Prot Dosim 148:318–328

  32. Kpeglo DO, Mantero J, Darko EO, Emi-Reynolds G, Faanu A, Manjon G, Vioque I, Akaho EHK, Garcia-Tenorio R (2016) Radiochemical characterization of produced water from two production offshore oilfields in Ghana. J Environ Radioact 152:35–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Strand T, Lysebo I (1998) Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on the treatment of NORM., Krefeld, Germany 10-13:137

  34. Baird RD, Merrell GB, Klein RB, Rogers VC, Nielson KK (1996) Management and disposal alternation for norm wastes in oil production and gas plant equipment. Am Petrol Inst 1:5–18

    Google Scholar 

  35. NRPA (2004) Natural radioactivity in produced water from the norwegian oil and gas industry in 2003. Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority Report 005:2

    Google Scholar 

  36. Swann C, Matthews J, Ericksen R.,Kuszmaul J (2004) Evaluation of radionuclides of uranium, thorium and radium associated with produced fluids, precipitates and sludges from oil, gas and oilfields brine injections wells in Mississippi. US Department of Energy DE-FG26e02NT 15227

  37. Zarie KA, Mugren Al (2010) Measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard in soil samples from Tayma area (KSA). Isotope Rad Res. 42(1):1–9

    Google Scholar 

  38. Agbalagba EO, Avwiri GO, Chad-Umoreh YE (2012) γ-Spectroscopy measurement of natural radioactivity and assessment of radiation hazard indices in soil samples from oil fields environment of Delta State, Nigeria. J Environ Radioact 109:64–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.10.012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Al-Kinani AT, Hushari M, Alsadig IA, Al-Sulaiti H (2015) NORM in soil and sludge samples in Dukhan oil Field, Qatar state. Donnish J Res Environ Stud 2(4):37–43

    Google Scholar 

  40. Xhixha G et al (2015) Chemosphere A century of oil and gas exploration in Albania: assessment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs). Chemosphere 139:30–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ali HAHKK, Shafik SS (2017) Radiological assessment of NORM resulting from oil and gas production processing in South Rumaila oil field, southern Iraq. Iraqi J Sci. 58(2):1037–1050

    Google Scholar 

  42. Alshahri F, El-Taher A (2018) Investigation of natural radioactivity levels and evaluation of radiation hazards in residential-area soil near a Ras Tanura Refinery, Saudi Arbia. Pol J Environ Stud. 28(1):25–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Zainuddin E, Jennings P (1994) An assessment of the environmental radiation dose for residents of the Perth Metropolitan area. School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150

  44. Vandenhove H.,Bousher A, Jensen PH, Jackson D, Lambers B, Zeevaert T (1999) Investigation of a possible basis for a common approach with regard to the restoration of areas affected by lasting radiation exposure as a result of past or old practice or work activity. European Commission Report 115, September

  45. Abdel-Sabour MF (2014) Uranium fixation and removal from different soil types. Rev J Nuclear Energy Sci Power Gener Technol 3:3. https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9809.1000126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Kolb WA, Wojcik M (1985) Enhanced radioactivity due to natural oil and gas production and related radiological problems. Sci Total Environ

  47. Khodashenas A.,Roayaei E, Abtahi SM, Ardalani E (2012) Evaluation of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the south western oil wells of Iran. J Environ Radioact

  48. Kumar A, Karpe R, Rout S, Narayanan U, Ravi PM (2012) A comparative study of distribution coefficients (Kd) for naturally occurring uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in two different aquatic environments. INIS

  49. Mao GZ, Liu CY, Zhang DD et al (2014) Effects of uranium on hydrocarbon generation of hydrocarbon source rocks with type-III kerogen. Sci China Earth Sci 57:1168–1179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Nabhani AK, Khan F (2020) Nuclear radioactive materials in the oil and gas industry. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816825-7.00005-4

  51. Hore-Lacy I (2016) Uranium for Nuclear power: resources, mining and transformation to fuel. Woodhead Publishing, pp 1–453

  52. Tamim U, Khan R, Jolly YN, Fatema K, Das S, Naher K, Islam MA, Islam SMA, Hossain SM (2016) Elemental distribution of metals in urban river sediments near an industrial effluent source. Chemosphere 155:509–518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Khan R, Das S, Kabir S, Habib MA.,Naher K, Islam MA, Tamim U.,Rahman AKMR., Deb AK, Hossain SM (2019) Evaluation of the elemental distribution in soil samples collected from ship-breaking areas and an adjacent Island. J Environ Chem Eng. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103189

  54. Abusini M, Al-Ayasreh K, Al-Jundi J (2008) Determination of uranium, thorium and potassium activity concentrations in soil cores in Arabavalley, Jordan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 128(2):213–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hossain MK, Hossain SM, Azim R, Meaze AKMMH (2010) Assessment of radiological contamination of soils due to shipbreaking using HPGe digital gamma-ray spectrometry system. J Environ Prot 1:10–14. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2010.11002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Beretka J, Mathew PJ (1985) Natural radioactivity in Australian building materials, industrial waste and by-product. Health Phys 48:87–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. UNSCEAR (2000) Sources and effects of Ionizing Radiations, United Nations. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, United Nations (A/55/46), New York.

  58. Alam MN, Chowdhury MI, Kamal M, Ghose S, Ismal MN (1999) The 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soil of Cox’s Bazer, Bangladesh. J Environ Rad 46(2):243–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ashraf EMK, Layia HA, Amany AA, Al-Omran AM (2010) NORM in clay deposits. In: Proceedings of Third European IRPA Congress 2010 June 14-18, Helsinki, Finland 1–9

  60. Khan R, Islam HMT, Islam ARMT (2021) Mechanism of elevated radioactivity in a freshwater basin: radiochemical characterization, provenance and associated hazards. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128459

  61. ICRP (1990) Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection. 21(1–3), 60

  62. Rudnick RI, Gao S (2014) Composition of the continental crust. Treatise on geochemistry (2nd ed.), pp 1–64

  63. Rashed-Nizam QM, Rahman MM, Kamal M, Chowdhury MI (2015) Assessment of radionuclides in the soil of residential areas of the Chittagong metropolitan city, Bangladesh and evaluation of associated radiological risk. J Radial Res 56(1):22–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Chowdhury MI, Kamal M, Alam MN, Yeasmin S, Mostafa MN (2006) Distribution of naturally occurring radionuclides in soils of the southern districts of Bangladesh. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 118(1):126–130

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Mishra UCA (2004) Environmental impact of coal industry and thermal power plants in India. J. Environ Radioact 72(1–2):35–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Liu G, Luo Q, Ding M, Feng J (2015) Natural radionuclides in soil near a coal-fired power plant in the high background radiation area, south China. Environ Monit Assess 187(6):356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. OECD (1979) Nuclear Energy Agency, Exposure to Radiation from natural radioactivity in building materials Reported by NEA group of Experts. OECD, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  68. UNSCEAR (2008) Sources and effects of Ionizing Radiations, United Nations. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, United Nations

  69. Darwish DAE, Abul-Nasr KTM, El-Khayatt AM (2015) The assessment of natural radioactivity and it associated radiological hazards and dose parameters in granite samples from South Sinai, Egypt. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 8:17–25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ozkok YO, Parmaksız A, A˘gus Y, Bulgurlu F, Bulur E, Oncu T (2015) Measurement of enhanced radium isotopes in oil production wastes in Turkey. J Environ Radioact 141:82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.12.011

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Botezatu E, Grecea C (2004) Radiological Impact Assessment on Behalf of Oil/Gas Industry. J Prev Med 12(1–2):16–21

    Google Scholar 

  72. Galitskaya P, Gumerova R, Ratering S, Schnell S, Blagodatskaya, E, Selivanovskaya S (2015) Oily waste containing natural radionuclides: does it cause stimulation or inhibition of soil bacterial community.J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 178(6)

  73. Shams HM, Bradley DA, Regan PH (2017) Determination of levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials in lagoon samples containing produced water from the Minagish oil field in the state of Kuwait. Radiat Phys Chem 137:193–197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Mohammad Ghafar RD, Marroshiah F (2017) Evaluation of radioactivity and potential radiation hazard of NORM waste due to produced water draining in crude oil tanks area in Banyas, Tishreen Univ. J Res Sci Stud 39(3):195–210

    Google Scholar 

  75. Huang T, Hao Y, Pang Z, Li Z, Yang S (2017) Radioactivity of soil, rock and water in a shale gas exploitation area, SW China. Water 9(5):299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Sabbagh S, Alhussen S (2012) Radioactive pollutants in the al-amr plants soil from petroleum industry. J Halab Univ Res 1(85):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  77. Khandaker MU, Nasir NLM, Asaduzzaman K, Olatunji A, Amin YM, Kassim HA, Bradley DA, Jojo PJ, Alrefaed T (2016) Evaluation of radionuclides transfer from soil-to-edible flora and estimation of radiological dose to the Malaysian populace. Chemosphere 154:528–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are gratefully acknowledging the Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Ltd. (BAPEX) for kindly providing the core samples. We are also expressing our sincere gratitude to the technical personel who were associated with this work. Dr. Md. Bazlar Rashid and Dr. Md. Ahosan Habib from the Geological Survey of Bangladesh are gratefully acknowledged for their kind helps on map preparation and affiliated discussions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rahat Khan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Begum, M., Khan, R., Hossain, S.M. et al. Redistributions of NORMs in and around a gas-field (Shabazpur, Bangladesh): radiological risks assessment. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 331, 317–330 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-08107-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-08107-x

Keywords

Navigation