Skip to main content
Log in

Management of by-products generated by NORM industries: towards their valorization and minimization of their environmental radiological impact

  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper a call is performed in support of the valorization of some by-products generated in the production processes of some NORM industries. In spite of a traditional management of these by-products based either in their direct releases to the environment or their disposal under control in big areas, their use attending to their characteristics in fields as agriculture, construction of buildings, construction of roads, in landfills, etc. should be promoted. These applications will minimize the environmental and public radiological impact of these by-products, generating at the same time economic benefits to the NORM industries involved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. IAEA (2006) Safety report series No 49. Assessing the need for Radiation Protection Measures in Works involving Minerals and Raw Materials. IAEA, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  2. IAEA (2013) Safety report series No 78. Radiation Protection and Management of NORM residues in the Phosphate Industry. IAEA, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  3. Villa M, Absi A, Manjón G, Periañez R, García-Tenorio R (2009) Contamination and restoration o an estuary affected by phosphogypsum releases. Sci Tot Environ 408:69–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Villa M, Manjón G, Hurtado S, García-Tenorio R (2011) Uranium pollution in an estuary affected by pyrite acid mine drainage and naturally occurring radioactive materials releases. Mar Pollut Bull 62:269–276

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gazquez MJ, Mantero J, Mosqueda F, García-Tenorio R, Bolívar JP (2014) Radioactive characterization of leachates and efflorescences in the neighbouring areas of a Phosphogypsum Disposal site as a preliminary step before its restoration. J Environ Radioact 137:79–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hierro A, Bolivar JP, Vaca F, Borrego F (2012) Behavior of natural radionuclides in surficial sediments from an estuary impacted by acid mine discharge and industrial effluents in Southwest Spain. J Environ Radioact 110:13–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Abril JM, García-Tenorio R, Enamorado S, Hurtado MD, Andreu L, Delgado A (2008) The cumulative effect of three decades of phosphogypsum amendments in reclaimed marsh soils from SW of Spain: 226Ra, 238U and Cd in soils and tomato fruits. Sci Tot Environ 403:80–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tabikh AA, Miller TF (1971) The nature of phosphogypsum impurities and their influence on cement hidratation. Cem Concr Res 1:663–678

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumar S (2008) Fly ash/lime/phosphogypsum hollow blocks for walls and partitions. Build Environ 38:291–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Weiguo S, Mingkai Z, Qinglin Z (2007) Study of lime fly ash phosphogypsum binder. Constr Build Mater 21:1480–1485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Chang WF, Chin DA, Ho R (1989) Phosphogypsum for secondary road construction. Publication 01-033.077. Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartow

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wu X (1988) A study of the radiation problems associated with phosphogypsum based building materials. Master’s Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables

  13. Rush KA, Guo T, Seals RK (2002) Stabilization of phosphogypsum using fly ash and lime: assessment of the potential for marine applications. J Hazard Mater 93:167–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Utley TW (1996) Experimental evaluation of biodegradation of Municipal solid waste as a result of adding phosphogypsum. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gazquez MJ, Bolivar JP, García-Tenorio R, Vaca F (2009) Physicochemical characterization of raw materials and co-products from the titanium dioxide production industry. J Hazard Mater 166:1429–1440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Cuadri AA, Navarro FJ, García-Morales M, Bolívar JP (2014) Valorization of phosphogypsum waste as asphaltic bitumen modifier. J Hazard Mater 279:11–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gázquez MJ, Mantero J, Bolívar JP, García-Tenorio R, Vaca F, Lozano RL (2011) Physico-chemical and radioactive characterization of TiO2 undissolved mud for its valorization. J Hazard Mater 191:269–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Council Directive 92/112/EEC of 15 December 1992 on procedures for harmonizing the programmes for the reduction nd eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from the titanium dioxide industry

  19. Gazquez MJ, Bolivar JP, Vaca F, García-Tenorio R, Caparros A (2013) Evaluation of the use of TiO2 industry red gypsum waste in cement production. Cem Concr Compos 37:76–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rafael García-Tenorio.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

García-Tenorio, R., Bolivar, J.P., Gazquez, M.J. et al. Management of by-products generated by NORM industries: towards their valorization and minimization of their environmental radiological impact. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 306, 641–648 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4263-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4263-6

Keywords

Navigation