Abstract
In this paper a call is performed in support of the valorization of some by-products generated in the production processes of some NORM industries. In spite of a traditional management of these by-products based either in their direct releases to the environment or their disposal under control in big areas, their use attending to their characteristics in fields as agriculture, construction of buildings, construction of roads, in landfills, etc. should be promoted. These applications will minimize the environmental and public radiological impact of these by-products, generating at the same time economic benefits to the NORM industries involved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
IAEA (2006) Safety report series No 49. Assessing the need for Radiation Protection Measures in Works involving Minerals and Raw Materials. IAEA, Vienna
IAEA (2013) Safety report series No 78. Radiation Protection and Management of NORM residues in the Phosphate Industry. IAEA, Vienna
Villa M, Absi A, Manjón G, Periañez R, García-Tenorio R (2009) Contamination and restoration o an estuary affected by phosphogypsum releases. Sci Tot Environ 408:69–77
Villa M, Manjón G, Hurtado S, García-Tenorio R (2011) Uranium pollution in an estuary affected by pyrite acid mine drainage and naturally occurring radioactive materials releases. Mar Pollut Bull 62:269–276
Gazquez MJ, Mantero J, Mosqueda F, García-Tenorio R, Bolívar JP (2014) Radioactive characterization of leachates and efflorescences in the neighbouring areas of a Phosphogypsum Disposal site as a preliminary step before its restoration. J Environ Radioact 137:79–87
Hierro A, Bolivar JP, Vaca F, Borrego F (2012) Behavior of natural radionuclides in surficial sediments from an estuary impacted by acid mine discharge and industrial effluents in Southwest Spain. J Environ Radioact 110:13–23
Abril JM, García-Tenorio R, Enamorado S, Hurtado MD, Andreu L, Delgado A (2008) The cumulative effect of three decades of phosphogypsum amendments in reclaimed marsh soils from SW of Spain: 226Ra, 238U and Cd in soils and tomato fruits. Sci Tot Environ 403:80–88
Tabikh AA, Miller TF (1971) The nature of phosphogypsum impurities and their influence on cement hidratation. Cem Concr Res 1:663–678
Kumar S (2008) Fly ash/lime/phosphogypsum hollow blocks for walls and partitions. Build Environ 38:291–295
Weiguo S, Mingkai Z, Qinglin Z (2007) Study of lime fly ash phosphogypsum binder. Constr Build Mater 21:1480–1485
Chang WF, Chin DA, Ho R (1989) Phosphogypsum for secondary road construction. Publication 01-033.077. Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Bartow
Wu X (1988) A study of the radiation problems associated with phosphogypsum based building materials. Master’s Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables
Rush KA, Guo T, Seals RK (2002) Stabilization of phosphogypsum using fly ash and lime: assessment of the potential for marine applications. J Hazard Mater 93:167–186
Utley TW (1996) Experimental evaluation of biodegradation of Municipal solid waste as a result of adding phosphogypsum. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne
Gazquez MJ, Bolivar JP, García-Tenorio R, Vaca F (2009) Physicochemical characterization of raw materials and co-products from the titanium dioxide production industry. J Hazard Mater 166:1429–1440
Cuadri AA, Navarro FJ, García-Morales M, Bolívar JP (2014) Valorization of phosphogypsum waste as asphaltic bitumen modifier. J Hazard Mater 279:11–16
Gázquez MJ, Mantero J, Bolívar JP, García-Tenorio R, Vaca F, Lozano RL (2011) Physico-chemical and radioactive characterization of TiO2 undissolved mud for its valorization. J Hazard Mater 191:269–276
Council Directive 92/112/EEC of 15 December 1992 on procedures for harmonizing the programmes for the reduction nd eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from the titanium dioxide industry
Gazquez MJ, Bolivar JP, Vaca F, García-Tenorio R, Caparros A (2013) Evaluation of the use of TiO2 industry red gypsum waste in cement production. Cem Concr Compos 37:76–81
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
García-Tenorio, R., Bolivar, J.P., Gazquez, M.J. et al. Management of by-products generated by NORM industries: towards their valorization and minimization of their environmental radiological impact. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 306, 641–648 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4263-6
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4263-6