Abstract
The behavior of radionuclides in the cooling water for the electromagnets at the 12 GeV proton accelerator facility was studied by measuring γ-ray spectra of the cooling water and the ion-exchange unit in the water circulation system. These measurements indicated that the major photon radiations originating from the cooling-water were annihilation radiation from the positron emitters 11C, 13N and 15O during the accelerator’s operation, while γ-ray emission from 7Be became dominant several hours after the beam operation had stopped. Spatial distribution and behavior of 11C and 7Be in the cooling-water system were discussed based on their existing states in water.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Swanson WP (1979) Radiological safety aspects of electron linear accelerators, IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 188, IAEA, Vienna, p. 101
Philips AB, Prull DE, Ristinen RA, Kraushaar JJ (1986) Health Phys 51:337–342
Masumoto K, Toyoda A, Eda K, Izumi Y, Shibata T (2003) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 255:465–469
Wang QB, Masumoto K, Bessho K, Matsumura H, Miura T, Shibata T (2004) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 262:587–592
Bessho K, Matsumura H, Miura T, Wang QB, Masumoto K, Hagura H, Nagashima Y, Seki R, Takahashi T, Sasa K, Sueki K, Matsuhiro T, Tosaki Y (2007) Nucl Instr Meth B 259:702–707
Kinoshita N, Matsumura H, Bessho K, Toyoda A, Masumoto K, Matsushi Y, Sasa K, Takahashi T, Mihara S, Oki T, Matsumura M, Tosaki T, Sueki M, Tamari M, Nagashima Y (2009) Nucl Technol 168:694–699
Kanda Y, Oki Y, Endo A, Numajiri M, Kondo K (2001) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 247:25–31
Kanda Y, Yoshioka A (2007) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 273:507–512
Degueldre C, Bilewicz A, Alder HP (1995) Nucl Sci Eng 120:65–71
Matsumura H, Kinoshita N, Toyoda A, Masumoto K, Bessho K, Hagiwara M, Yamanoi Y (2009) Nucl Technol 168:979–983
Matsumura H, Sekimoto S, Yashima H, Toyoda T, Kasugai Y, Matsuda N, Oishi K, Bessho K, Sakamoto Y, Nakashima H, Boehnlein D, Lauten G, Leveling A, Mokhov N, Vaziri K (2014) Prog Nucl Sci Technol 4:372–375
Tanaka KH, Ieiri M, Noumi H, Minakawa M, Yamanoi Y, Kato Y, Ishii H, Suzuki Y, Takasaki M (1995) Nucl Instr Meth A 363:114–119
Firestone RB, Shirley VS (eds) (1996) Table of isotopes, 8th edn. Wiley, New York
Kondo K, She-De L, Hirayama H, Ban S, Katoh K (1981) KEK Intern 80:14 (in Japanese)
Baker RW (2004) Membrane technology and applications, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York, p 72
Schwarzenbach G, Wenger H (1969) Helv Chim Acta 52:644–665
Chinea E, Dominguez S, Mederos A, Brito F, Sánchez A, Ienco A, Vacca A (1997) Main Group Metal Chem 20:11–18
Bessho K, Kanaya N, Shimada S, Katsuta S, Monjushiro H, Anal Sci (in press)
Weast RC, Astle MJ (eds) (1980) CRC Handbook of chemistry and physics, 61st edn. CRC-Press, Boca Raton, p D–167
Ikeda Y (2009) Nucl Instr Meth A 600:1–4
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the staff of the KEK beam channel group for their valuable assistance, and Dr. C. Degueldre, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland for electron microscope analyses and helpful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bessho, K., Matsumura, H., Takahashi, A. et al. Behavior of radionuclides induced in cooling water for electromagnets at the 12 GeV proton accelerator facility. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 303, 1719–1725 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3705-x
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3705-x