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PVDF-co-HFP based anion exchange membrane for acid recovery from bentonite mine effluent via diffusion dialysis

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Abstract

Herein we report about 75% acid recovery from bentonite mine effluents by diffusion dialysis (DD) using facile one-pot synthesized PVDF-co-HFP based anion exchange membrane. The trade-off between the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the membrane was maintained by optimizing ratio between PVDF-co-HFP and 2,4,6 tris-(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (TDP) to achieve desirable water content, ion selectivity, and ion diffusivity. The membrane with highest TDP/PVDF-co-HFP wt. ratio i.e., membrane M-5 had the highest ion exchange capacity and water uptake of 1.05 meq/g and 35.4 %, respectively, along with good mechanical and thermal stability. DD experiments were performed in a batch mode for inorganic acids, simulated feed, and industrial effluent (~8M acid concentration) obtained from a local bentonite mine. An acid recovery of 35% was obtained for HCl, which was the highest as compared to HNO3 and H2SO4 of the same concentration for M-5 membrane. The acid recovery for the simulated feed was 32%, with proton dialysis coefficient of 20 × 10-3 m/h, iron dialysis coefficient of 41 × 10-5 m/h and separation factor of 48 units, respectively. The membrane was stable in the effluent containing ~8M total acid concentration and ~6-7% total iron content, evident from the ~55h DD experiment that resulted in 75% acid recovery by changing the permeate four times, indicating its best suitability in acid recovery from industrial effluents.

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Acknowledgement

RKN thanks for the financial support (grant number DST/TMD(EWO)/OWUIS-2018/RS-11(G)) from Technology Mission Division (EWO), DST India. Director CSIR-CSMCRI is acknowledged for continuous support and encouragement. Instrumentation facilities provided by the Analytical Discipline & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-CSMCRI, Bhavnagar, are gratefully acknowledged. CSIR-CSMCRI manuscript number 137/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India

    Chetan M. Pawar, Nayanthara P. S, Sooraj Sreenath & Rajaram K. Nagarale

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Chetan M. Pawar, Sooraj Sreenath & Rajaram K. Nagarale

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Anish Ash & Vivek Verma

  4. Centre for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Vivek Verma

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  1. Chetan M. Pawar
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  2. Nayanthara P. S
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Correspondence to Rajaram K. Nagarale.

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Pawar, C.M., S, N.P., Sreenath, S. et al. PVDF-co-HFP based anion exchange membrane for acid recovery from bentonite mine effluent via diffusion dialysis. J Polym Res 30, 309 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03673-y

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