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Activated calcium silicate/natural rubber composites prepared via latex compounding: Static and dynamic mechanical properties

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Abstract

Activated calcium silicate (ACS) is a solid byproduct of alumina extraction from high-alumina fly ash. Because of the excellent properties of ACS, the effective utilization of the material has attracted considerable research interest. In this study, we prepared a series of natural rubber (NR) composites via a latex compounding method using ACS. The effects of ACS content and particle size on the processing properties, network structure, and static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The ACS particles were found to be chemically absorbed on the rubber macromolecules. Lower ACS particle sizes and higher ACS content promoted vulcanization, caused the formation of shorter rubber chains, and increased the cross-linking density. The tensile strength of the composite reached 22.32 MPa (163% greater than that of pure NR) at an ACS average particle size of 2.92 μm (D90) with a loading of 40 phr (mass parts per hundred parts of rubber), whereas further increasing the ACS content led to agglomeration. Overall satisfactory performance was achieved at an optimal ACS particle size of 2.92 μm (D90) with a loading of 30 phr in the NR matrix. Thus, this approach both enhances the performance of NR and effectively utilizes ACS waste.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China (52064040 and 11562015), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2018MS05061 and 2020MS05063), the Talent Foundation of Inner Mongolia, the Science and Technology Major Projects of Shanxi Province of China (Project Number: 20181101003), and Youth Fund Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province (201801D221355). Furthermore, the authors would like to thank shiyanjia lab for the support of TEM analysis (www.shiyanjia.com).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China

    Weijiang Wang, Yinmin Zhang, Yongfeng Zhang & Junmin Sun

  2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Efficient Recycle Utilization for Coal-Based Waste, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Resources Recycle, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Coal-Based Solid Waste, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, People’s Republic of China

    Weijiang Wang, Yinmin Zhang & Yongfeng Zhang

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Writing, Visualization: Weijiang Wang; Supervision, Funding acquisition: Yinmin Zhang; Software, Formal analysis: Yongfeng Zhang; Resources, Conceptualization: Junmin Sun.

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Correspondence to Yinmin Zhang or Junmin Sun.

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Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. Activated calcium silicate/natural rubber composites prepared via latex compounding: Static and dynamic mechanical properties. J Polym Res 29, 301 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03156-6

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