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Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer as polymeric co-agent for crosslinking poly(vinyl chloride) by gamma radiation

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Abstract

Plasticized filled poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends incorporating acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) as an elastomeric crosslinking co-agent were subjected to gamma radiation by a Co60 source for total doses 25 to 100 kGy. Changes in total insoluble contents, physicomechanical properties (before and after thermal aging), morphology, spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical behavior as a function of NBR loading and total dose were investigated. An increase in total insoluble contents with both NBR loading and total dose indicates that within the parameters of the study, the blends underwent crosslinking as the predominant effect with an increase of hardness. Unaged mechanical properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break) of the blends were significantly modified. These same properties, after aging at 90 °C, 168 h are again modified due to further crosslinking reactions above the glass transition temperatures. The obtained results indicate that there exists a loading range for NBR for which an optimal combination of room temperature and aged mechanical properties may be obtained. Abrasion resistance of the blends improves due to the formation of chemically bonded networks. The mechanism of the crosslinking reaction was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electron scanning microscopy shows single-phase blend morphologies for all blends and reveals a reduction in matrix ductility on crosslinking. Dynamic mechanical analysis conducted to study the change in loss tangent, storage modulus, and loss modulus at 100 kGy total dose shows an increase in these parameters and that the modification of physicomechanical properties are due to both crosslinking as well as enhanced interaction between PVC and NBR.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi for extending facilities of the Applied Radiation Center for undertaking irradiation experiments. The kind help of Mr. Anand Gupta in SEM characterization is duly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Oromia, Adama, Ethiopia

    Neeraj K. Gupta

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Kattankulathur, Cheangalpattu District, India

    Neeraj K. Gupta & Aschalew Tedesse

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Oromia, Adama, Ethiopia

    Shivani Gupta

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  1. Neeraj K. Gupta
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NKG: Conceived and designed the study, its methodology and experimental validation, irradiation, writing-review & editing; SG: Performed the experiments and wrote the draft of the paper; AT: Supported the investigation and review of the manuscript. All authors reviewed, edited, and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Neeraj K. Gupta.

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Gupta, N.K., Gupta, S. & Tedesse, A. Influence of acrylonitrile butadiene elastomer as polymeric co-agent for crosslinking poly(vinyl chloride) by gamma radiation. J Polym Res 29, 119 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-02974-y

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