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Preparation of anionic waterborne polyurethane composites with silica from rice husk ash

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Abstract

Anionic waterborne polyurethane (aWPU) composites were fabricated using hydoxytelechelic epoxidized natural rubber (HTENR) and silica, extracted from rice husk ash (RHA). Silica was then modified by poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA), a cationic polymer. The PDDA content attached to the modified particles was about 4.43%. PDDA-SiO2 particles were smaller and the size distribution narrower than pristine SiO2 due to deagglomeration. The chemical structure of PDDA-SiO2 was confirmed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). PDDA-SiO2 particles were then loaded in aWPU at contents of 0.5 to 5.0% wt. using self-assembly by electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between PDDA-SiO2 particle and aWPU. At PDDA-SiO2 loadings of 0.5 to 1.5% wt., aWPU/PDDA-SiO2 composites formed homogenous emulsions and transparent films. PDDA-SiO2 loadings of 3.0% wt. and 5.0% wt. produced PDDA-SiO2 agglomerations and filler clusters were seen in the obtained films due to poor dispersion of PDDA-SiO2 particles in the WPU matrix. PDDA-SiO2 incorporation increased Tg and raised the degradation temperature at 10% weight loss from 276 °C to 300 °C but reduced tensile strength compared to neat aWPU. Due to the insufficient interaction of aWPU and PDDA-SiO2 in case of physical mixing, sedimentation of PDDA-SiO2 particles in the PU matrix was observed but with PDDA modification the particles were uniformly embedded in nano-scale clusters.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya and the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University. We also acknowledge the Division of Physical Science for all facilities and Mr. Thomas Coyne for his kind assistance in editing the English text.

Funding

This work is financial support by the Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya for a Ph.D. scholarship for Miss Kwanruethai Boonsong, and the Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University for chemicals, materials, and facilities.

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  1. Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Kwanruethai Boonsong & Chuanpit Khaokong

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  1. Kwanruethai Boonsong
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Miss Kwanruethai Boonsong. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Miss Chuanpit Khaokong and Miss Kwanruethai Boonsong. The writing, review, and editing were done by Miss Chuanpit Khaokong and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chuanpit Khaokong.

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Boonsong, K., Khaokong, C. Preparation of anionic waterborne polyurethane composites with silica from rice husk ash. J Polym Res 29, 40 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-02903-z

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