Abstract
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of vinyl acetate (VAc) has been suggested as one of the major methods to reduced some of the problems in the synthesis of Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), but the color impurities have been the major disadvantage of this method. An easy and practical method to make a crystallized PVAc in a one step process is to use silica gel particles. The particles have been used as a catalyst support of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)2). It was found that using silica gel supported-Co(acac)2 in VAc polymerization yields polymers with controlled molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and high purity. For the silica gel supported CMRP (SS-CMRP) changing the polymerization mechanism resulted in a 2.5 times increase in polymerization rate (kapp) and a drop in the induction time while maintaining the control of the VAc polymerization. In addition PVAc synthesized through SS-CMRP method compared to the one synthesized using unsupported-CMRP has a higher crystallinity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Morin AN, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, De Tullio P, Poli R, Debuigne A (2013) Effect of head-to-head addition in vinyl acetate controlled radical polymerization: why is co (acac) 2-mediated polymerization so much better? Macromolecules 46(11):4303–4312
Kermagoret A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A (2015) In situ bidentate to tetradentate ligand exchange reaction in cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 62:312–321
Chauvin F, Alb AM, Bertin D, Tordo P, Reed WF (2002) Kinetics and molecular weight evolution during controlled radical polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 203(14):2029–2041
Smith KM, McNeil WS, Abd-El-Aziz AS (2010) Organometallic-mediated radical polymerization: developing well-defined complexes for reversible transition metal-alkyl bond homolysis. Macromol Chem Phys 211(1):10–16
Proietti Silvestri I, Cellesi F (2015) AGET ATRP of poly [poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] catalyzed by hydrophobic iron (III)–porphyrins. Macromol Chem Phys 216(20):2032–2039
Poli R, Allan LE, Shaver MP (2014) Iron-mediated reversible deactivation controlled radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 39(10):1827–1845
Matyjaszewski K, Tsarevsky NV (2014) Macromolecular engineering by atom transfer radical polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 136(18):6513–6533
Konkolewicz D, Wang Y, Zhong M, Krys P, Isse AA, Gennaro A, Matyjaszewski K (2013) Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization in the presence of metallic copper. A critical assessment of the SARA ATRP and SET-LRP mechanisms. Macromolecules 46(22):8749–8772
Matyjaszewski K (2012) Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): current status and future perspectives. Macromolecules 45(10):4015–4039
Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K (2007) “Green” atom transfer radical polymerization: from process design to preparation of well-defined environmentally friendly polymeric materials. Chem Rev 107(6):2270–2299
Farrokhi M, Abdollahi M, Rekabdar F, Hemmati M (2015) Reverse iodine transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and dibutyl maleate: synthesis and characterization of alternating and block copolymers. J Polym Res 22(4):43
Wang FS, Yang TY, Hsu CC, Chen YJ, Li MH, Hsu YJ, Chuang MC, Peng CH (2016) The mechanism and thermodynamic studies of CMRP: different control mechanisms demonstrated by CoII (TMP), CoII (salen*), and CoII (acac) 2 mediated polymerization, and the correlation of reduction potential, equilibrium constant, and control mechanism. Macromol Chem Phys 217(3):422–432
Debuigne A, Poli R, Jérôme R, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C (2009) Key role of metal-coordination in cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. ACS Symp Ser 1014:131–148
Debuigne A, Poli R, Jérôme C, Jérôme R, Detrembleur C (2009) Overview of cobalt-mediated radical polymerization: roots, state of the art and future prospects. Prog Polym Sci 34(3):211–239
Debuigne A, Caille JR, Jérôme R (2005) Highly efficient cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. Angew Chem 117(7):1125–1128
Semsarzadeh MA, Amiri S (2013) Synthesis and characterization of PSt-b-PVAc diblock copolymers via combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. J Polym Res 20(5):139
Allaoua I, Goi BE, Obadia MM, Debuigne A, Detrembleur C, Drockenmuller E (2014) (Co) polymerization of vinyl levulinate by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization and functionalization by ketoxime click chemistry. Polym Chem 5(8):2973–2979
Piette Y, Debuigne A, Bodart V, Willet N, Duwez A-S, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C (2013) Synthesis of poly (vinyl acetate)-b-poly (vinyl chloride) block copolymers by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP). Polym Chem 4(5):1685–1693
Debuigne A, Willet N, Jérôme R, Detrembleur C (2007) Amphiphilic poly (vinyl acetate)-b-poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) and novel double hydrophilic poly (vinyl alcohol)-b-poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone) block copolymers prepared by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Macromolecules 40(20):7111–7118
Detrembleur C, Debuigne A, Hurtgen M, Jérôme C, Pinaud J, Fèvre M, Coupillaud P, Vignolle J, Taton D (2011) Synthesis of 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium-based ionic liquid (co) polymers by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Macromolecules 44(16):6397–6404
Cordella D, Kermagoret A, Debuigne A, Rl R, German I, Isik M, Jérôme C, Mecerreyes D, Taton D, Detrembleur C (2014) Direct route to well-defined poly (ionic liquid) s by controlled radical polymerization in water. ACS Macro Lett 3(12):1276–1280
Dréan M, Guégan P, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, Rieger J, Debuigne A (2016) Controlled synthesis of poly (vinylamine)-based copolymers by organometallic-mediated radical polymerization. Macromolecules 49(13):4817–4827
Hurtgen M, Debuigne A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C (2009) Solving the problem of bis (acetylacetonato) cobalt (II)-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of acrylic esters. Macromolecules 43(2):886–894
Debuigne A, Michaux C, Jérôme C, Jérôme R, Poli R, Detrembleur C (2008) Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of acrylonitrile: kinetics investigations and DFT calculations. Chem Eur J 14(25):7623–7637
Kermagoret A, Debuigne A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C (2014) Precision design of ethylene-and polar-monomer-based copolymers by organometallic-mediated radical polymerization. Nat Chem 6(3):179–187
Weiss-Maurin M, Cordella D, Jérôme C, Taton D, Detrembleur C (2016) Direct one-pot synthesis of poly (ionic liquid) nanogels by cobalt-mediated radical cross-linking copolymerization in organic or aqueous media. Polym Chem 7(14):2521–2530
Cordella D, Debuigne A, Jérôme C, Kochovski Z, Taton D, Detrembleur C (2016) One-pot synthesis of double poly (ionic liquid) block copolymers by cobalt-mediated radical polymerization-induced self-assembly (CMR-PISA) in water. Macromol Rapid Commun 37(14):1181–1187
Shen Y, Zhu S, Zeng F, Pelton R (2000) Synthesis of methacrylate macromonomers using silica gel supported atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Chem Phys 201(13):1387–1394
Shen Y, Tang H, Ding S (2004) Catalyst separation in atom transfer radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 29(10):1053–1078
Shen Y, Zhu S, Zeng F, Pelton RH (2000) Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate by silica gel supported copper bromide/multidentate amine. Macromolecules 33(15):5427–5431
Ding M, Jiang X, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X (2015) Recent progress on transition metal catalyst separation and recycling in ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 36(19):1702–1721
Sciannamea V, Debuigne A, Piette Y, Jerome R, Detrembleur C (2006) Supported cobalt mediated radical polymerization (SCMRP) of vinyl acetate and recycling of the cobalt complex. Chem Commun 40:4180–4182
Semsarzadeh MA, Alamdari P (2015) Co (acac) 2 mediated controlled radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate initiated by benzoyl peroxide. Macromol Res 23(2):139–144
Ding D, Pan X, Zhang Z, Li N, Zhu J, Zhu X (2016) A degradable copolymer of 2-methylene-1, 3-dioxepane and vinyl acetate by photo-induced cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Polym Chem 7(33):5258–5264
Liao C-M, Hsu C-C, Wang F-S, Wayland BB, Peng C-H (2013) Living radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate mediated by co (Salen*) complexes. Polym Chem 4(10):3098–3104
Maria S, Kaneyoshi H, Matyjaszewski K, Poli R (2007) Effect of electron donors on the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by [co (acac) 2]: degenerative transfer versus reversible homolytic cleavage of an organocobalt (III) complex. Chem Eur J 13(9):2480–2492
Kaneyoshi H, Matyjaszewski K (2005) Effect of ligand and n-butyl acrylate on cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate. Macromolecules 38(20):8163–8169
Debuigne A, Detrembleur C, Bryaskova R, Caille J-R, Jérôme R (2006) Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate: a new tool for macromolecular engineering. ACS Symp Ser 944:372–386
Semsarzadeh MA, Alamdari P (2013) Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in an alumina column using suspended polyvinyl acetate. J Polym Res 20(10):276–286
Kolyakina EV, Grishin ID, Poddel’sky AI, Grishin DF (2016) Mechanistic studies of methyl methacrylate polymerization in the presence of cobalt complex with sterically-hindered redox-active ligand. J Polym Res 23(11):222–234
Kermagoret A, Chau NDQ, Grignard B, Cordella D, Debuigne A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C (2016) Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile in supercritical carbon dioxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 37(6):539–544
Bryaskova R, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A, Jérôme R (2006) Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (cmrp) of vinyl acetate initiated by redox systems: toward the scale-up of CMRP. Macromolecules 39(24):8263–8268
Boor J (1979) Ziegler-Natta catalysts and polymerizations. Academic Press, New York,
Panchenko V, Zakharov V, Paukshtis E (2006) DRIFTS and DRS studies of Phillips ethylene polymerization catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 313(2):130–136
Peng C-H, Yang T-Y, Zhao Y, Fu X (2014) Reversible deactivation radical polymerization mediated by cobalt complexes: recent progress and perspectives. Org Biomol Chem 12(43):8580–8587
Monoi T, Ikeda H, Ohira H, Sasaki Y (2002) Ethylene polymerization with silica-supported Cr [N (SiMe3) 2] 3/Alumoxane catalyst. Polym J 34(6):461–465
Gaspar A, Dieguez L (2002) The influence of Cr precursors in the ethylene polymerization on Cr/SiO 2 catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 227(1):241–254
Semsarzadeh MA, Abdollahi M (2008) Kinetic study of atom transfer radical homo-and copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate initiated with trichloromethyl-terminated poly (vinyl acetate) macroinitiator. Polymer 49(13):3060–3069
Semsarzadeh MA, Amiri S (2012) Controlled free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate with cobalt acetoacetonate. J Chem Sci 124(2):521–527
Semsarzadeh M, Amiri S, Azadeh M (2012) Controlled radical polymerization of vinyl acetate in presence of mesoporous silica supported TiCl4 heterogeneous catalyst. Bull Mater Sci 35(5):867–874
Wu W, Chiu W, Liau W (1997) Casting solvent effect on crystallization behavior of poly (vinyl acetate)/poly (ethylene oxide) blends: DSC study. J Appl Polym Sci 64(3):411–421
Ye Z, Zhu S, Wang WJ, Alsyouri H, Lin Y (2003) Morphological and mechanical properties of nascent polyethylene fibers produced via ethylene extrusion polymerization with a metallocene catalyst supported on MCM-41 particles. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 41(20):2433–2443
Dong X, Wang L, Wang W, Jiang G, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Wang J (2005) Preparation of Nano-polyethylene fibers and floccules by extrusion polymerization under atmospheric pressure using the SBA-15-supported Cp2ZrCl2 catalytic system. Macromol Mater Eng 290(1):31–37
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Semsarzadeh, M.A., Sabzevari, A. Silica gel supported co(acac)2 catalyst in the controlled radical polymerization of vinyl acetate: an easy and practical method to make crystallized poly(vinyl acetate) in a one step process. J Polym Res 24, 177 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-017-1328-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-017-1328-y