Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(aniline-co-1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone), a nanosized conducting copolymer

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymer Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The electrochemical copolymerization of aniline (ANI) with 1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone (1-AAQ) was carried out in 4 M sulfuric acid by potential cycling in the potential range of −0.1 V to 1.3 V vs. SCE. Copolymer films were grown from different feed ratios of ANI and 1-AAQ (0.2:0.8, 0.4:0.6, 0.5:0.5, 0.6:0.4, 0.8:0.2) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Studies on the effect of scan rate on the conductivity of the copolymer film confirmed the formation of a stable conducting copolymer film. The FTIR spectrum recorded for the copolymer film provides concrete evidence of copolymer formation, since it indicates the presence of quinone units in the copolymer backbone. XRD data (particle size: 47 nm) and SEM (grain size: 100 nm) micrographs provide a clear picture of the nano-sized polymeric particles formed. It is envisaged that the newly reported copolymer could be a useful material for performing the catalytic reduction of oxygen in an acidic medium—a useful process for fuel cell applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Naoi K, Kawase K-I, Inoue Y (1997) J Electrochem Soc 144:L170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Naoi K, Menda M, Ooike H, Oyama N (1991) J Electroanal Chem 318:395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Oyama N, Tatsuma T, Sato T, Sotomura T (1995) Nature 373:598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Deleeuw DM, Simenon MMJ, Brown AR, Einerhand REF (1997) Synth Met 87:53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Josowicz M, Janata J (1986) Anal Chem 58:514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Fan FF, Shea TV, Bard AJ (1984) J Electrochem Soc 131:828

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gazotti WA, Casalbore-Miceli G, Mitzakoff S, Geri A, Gallazzi MC, De Paoli M-A (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Geniès EM, Boyle A, Lapkowski M, Tsintavis C (1990) Synth Met 36:139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1989) Faraday Discuss Chem Soc 88:317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1994) Synth Met 65:103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chan HSO, Ng SC, Sim WS, Tan KL, Tan BTG (1992) Macromolecules 25:6029

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jeevananda T, Siddaramaiah H, Seetharamu S, Saravanan S, D’Souza L (2004) Synth Met 140:247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Avdeev VV, Nalimova VA, Semenenko KN (1990) Synth Met 38:363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yue J, Epstein AJ, MacDiarmid AG (1990) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 189:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zheng WY, Levon K, Laakso J, Osterholm JE (1994) Macromolecules 26:7754

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Anand J, Palaniappan S, Sathyanarayana DN (1998) Prog Polym Sci 23:993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Pud A, Ogurtsov N, Korzhenko A, Shapoval G (2003) Prog Polym Sci 28:1701

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cattarin S, Doubova L, Mengoli G, Zotti G (1988) Electrochim Acta 33:1077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Punkka E, Laakso K, Stubb H, Levon K, Zheng W-Y (1994) Thin Solid Films 243:515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chan HSO, Ho PKH, Ng SC, Tan BTG, Tan KL (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:8517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Watanabe A, Mori K, Iwabuchi A, Iwasaki Y, Nakamura Y (1989) Macromolecules 22:3521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Conklin A, Huang SC, Huang SM, Wen TL, Kaner RB (1995) Macromolecules 28:6522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pandey S, Annapoorni S, Malhotra BD (1993) Macromolecules 26:3190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nguyen MT, Diaz AF (1995) Macromolecules 28:3411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Li X-G, Wang L-X, Jin Y, Zhu Z-L, Yang Y-L (2001) J Appl Polym Sci 82:510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Anbarasan R, Jayaseharan J, Gopalan A (2002) J Appl Polym Sci 85:2317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chung C-Y, Wen T-C, Gopalan A (2001) Mater Chem Phys 71:148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Thiemann C, Brett C-MA (2001) Synth Met 125:445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Santhosh P, Sankarasubramanian M, Thanneermalai M, Gopalan A, Vasudevan T (2004) Mater Chem Phys 85:316–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Manisankar P, Vedhi C, Selvanathan G, Somasundaram RM (2005) Chem Mater 17:1722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chung C-Y, Wen T-C, Gopalan A (2001) Mat Chem Phys 71:148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Roy BC, Gupta MD, Bhowmik L, Ray JK (2003) Bull Mater Sci 26:633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Badawy WA, Ismail KM, Medany SS (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:6353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ismail KM, Khalifa ZM, Azzem MA, Badawy WA (2002) Electrochim 47:1867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hoogers G (ed) (2003) Fuel cell technology handbook. CRC, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Mitsushima S, Araki N, Kamiya N, Ota K-I (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:A1370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kinoshita K (1992) Electrochemical oxygen technology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  38. Dewi EL, Oyaizu K, Nishide H, Tsuchida E (2004) J Power Sources 130:286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dewi EL, Oyaizu K, Tsuchida E (2003) Inorg Chim Acta 342:316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lai ME, Bergel A (2000) J Electroanal Chem 494:30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Matveeva ES (1996) Synth Met 83:89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Matveeva ES, Hernández-Fuentes I, Parkhutik V, Díaz-Calleja R (1996) Synth Met 83:181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Matveeva ES, Patil RC, Tejera MJG (2001) Synth Met 123:343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Manisankar P, Viswanathan S, Mercy Pusphalatha A, Rani C (2005) Anal Chim Acta 528:157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang ZH, Ray A, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1991) Phys Rev B 43:4373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Manisankar P, Vedhi C, Selvanathan G, Gurumallesh Prabu H (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Alva KS, Kumar J, Marx KA, Tripathy SK (1997) Macromolecules 30:4024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Huang LM, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2003) Mater Lett 57:1765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Planes GA, Morales GM, Miras MC, Barbero C (1998) Synth Met 97:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ten-Chin W, Li-Ming H, Gopalan A (2001) Synth Met 123:451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Gao M, Yang F, Wang X, Zhang G, Liu L (2009) Electroanalysis 21:1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

One of the authors, SP.Palaniappan, would like to thank CSIR, New Delhi for providing a Senior Research Fellowship (vide CSIR letter no. 9/688(011)/9-EMR-I dt. 23.04.2009), and P. Manisankar would like to place on record his sincere thanks to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, for the financial support extended to the Department of Industrial Chemistry through the SAP scheme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

    Subramanian Palaniappan & Paramasivam Manisankar

Authors
  1. Subramanian Palaniappan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paramasivam Manisankar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paramasivam Manisankar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Palaniappan, S., Manisankar, P. Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(aniline-co-1-amino-9,10-anthraquinone), a nanosized conducting copolymer. J Polym Res 18, 311–317 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9420-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9420-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation